CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How about raising catfish with earthworms? (How about raising catfish with earthworms?)

1. What bait is used in breeding yellow catfish?

Yellow catfish is a small freshwater fish suitable for various breeding methods, both single and intensive; suitable for pond breeding and cage breeding. Artificial breeding has gradually emerged in recent years. Yellow catfish is an omnivorous bottom-dwelling fish, mainly feeding on animal bait. The living water temperature is 0-38℃, the feeding water temperature is 5-37℃, the optimal growth temperature is 18-28℃, and the dissolved oxygen in the water body is required to be above 3 mg/L. During the seedling period, the main food is zooplankton, such as rotifers, cladocerans, and water earthworms. After that, it eats small fish, shrimps, small snails, clams, aquatic insects and plant roots, and also eats artificial bait. Under natural conditions, yellow catfish can grow to 30-80 grams in one year, and 100-200 grams in two years; under breeding conditions, it can reach more than 300 grams in two years.

Pelteobagrus fulvidraco breeding technology

1. Seedling cultivation

Fry cultivation refers to the process of cultivating fish from hatching to about 2cm~5cm in size. This stage takes 20~30 days and requires a high level of breeding technology and strict management measures. Its production indicators are: survival rate of 80%~95%, size of about 5cm, healthy body, free of disease, and uniform size.

1. Fish fry pond conditions: The area of ​​the yellow catfish fingerling breeding pond should not be too large, 1 to 3 acres is appropriate. It is required to be close to a water source with sufficient water, clear and pollution-free, and the pond should be equipped with an aerator.

2. Cleaning and disinfection of fry breeding ponds: Cleaning and disinfecting fry ponds is an important measure to improve pond environmental conditions and increase the survival rate of fry. Cleaning is to drain the pond water in winter or early spring, let the bottom of the pond freeze and sun, and reduce diseases. Then dig out excess silt, repair the embankment, fill the holes, and level the bottom of the pond. 10 to 15 days before stocking fry, use lime or other pond cleaning drugs to clean the pond to kill wild fish, pathogenic bacteria, parasites and other harmful organisms.

3. Cultivate water quality: After cleaning the pond, add 40~60cm of water about a week before the fry are put into the pond. Pile organic fertilizer in the corner of the pond to cultivate natural bait suitable for the fry, so that the fry will have abundant bait after being put into the pond.

4. Stocking density: The fry can be put into the pond when they can swim normally and actively eat, usually 10 to 15 days old, with a body length of 0.9 mm to 1.0 mm. The stocking density is 30,000 to 50,000 fry per mu. It is generally better to raise them alone, and it is not suitable to mix them with other fish.

5. Feeding: After the fry are put into the pond, no feeding is required for the first few days, and then feeding is started gradually after a few days. Generally, powdered compound feed is used, which is stirred into balls with water and fed directly to the center of the pond and the bait table spread on the bottom of the pond. The reference formula is: 35% fresh fish paste, 25% bean cake powder, 23% third-grade powder, 15% corn flour, and 3% adhesive. When the water temperature is 20~30℃, feed once in the morning and afternoon every day, and the feeding amount accounts for about 3%~5% of the fish body weight. According to the cluster feeding habits of yellow catfish, the feeding method of feeding bait is adopted, and the feeding area accounts for about 6%~10% of the pond area.

6. Daily management: Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fry are photophobic and cluster-like. Generally, a cover should be set up at the deep end of the pond, with a cover area of ​​about 5㎡. If the pond water quality has a certain degree of fertility and low transparency, it can be left uncovered. Water injection in stages is an effective measure to accelerate the growth of fry and improve the survival rate of fry during fry cultivation. Water can be added once every 3 to 5 days, with 8 to 10 cm added each time. When injecting water, prevent wild fish and harmful organisms from entering the pond.

2. Fish breeding

The commercial fish breeding of yellow catfish is called adult fish breeding, which refers to the production process of using fish species over 2cm to breed commercial fish. At present, most of the commercial fish sold in the Chinese market come from natural water bodies, and some are obtained from adult fish ponds. In recent years, many experts (including ours) have begun to actively carry out research on artificial pond main breeding and mixed breeding of yellow catfish, and have obtained a series of relatively mature technical data, especially in large-scale artificial breeding of fish fry. There have been major breakthroughs, thus alleviating the contradiction of tight seed supply. Experimental studies have shown that yellow catfish is suitable for breeding in ponds, cages, large and small lakes, rice fields and other water bodies. It can be raised as the main breeding and can be mixed with silver carp, bighead carp, bream, grass carp, etc. However, it is not suitable to be mixed with carp, crucian carp, etc., because their feeding habits are basically the same and it is easy to have adverse effects.

(I) Ponds mainly raise yellow catfish

Pond farming is a new type of farming method that has only emerged in the past two years. Pond farming has the characteristics of small investment, no restrictions on area size, high returns, and stable productivity.

1. Pond conditions

① Water source and water quality. The main pond for raising yellow catfish requires sufficient water source, water quality that meets the water quality standards for fishery water, and does not contain substances harmful to fish. It is best to choose a fish pond close to a reservoir, lake, river, or ditch, or a fish pond equipped with mechanical equipment such as aerators and pumps to raise yellow catfish. The main stocking density in the pond is high, and the water quality is often easy to deteriorate due to the low dissolved oxygen content in the pond water, causing fish to float and a large number of deaths. If conditions permit, frequently adding new water with high oxygen content can not only improve the water quality of the pond, but also facilitate the reproduction of natural fish bait and the growth of fish.

② Fish pond area, water depth and bottom quality Yellow catfish is not very strict about the requirements of adult fish breeding ponds, and both large and small fish ponds can be used to breed adult fish. It is best to choose a pond with a bottom that is 10%~20% deeper than other places at the outlet of the pond. It is mainly convenient for commercial fish dry pond fishing and each pond must have a controllable inlet and outlet. The main breeding pond area is generally 3~5 mu or less than 10 mu. The water depth of 1.5~2.0m is ideal. The pond is shallow and the light intensity is strong, which is not conducive to the requirement of yellow catfish to feed under weak light. Practice has shown that sandy soil is the best for the bottom quality of the pond, and clay and less mud ponds are also acceptable. The bottom silt cannot be too thick, about 10cm is enough, and it is required to have strong water and fertilizer retention, rapid decomposition of organic matter, and easy fertilization of pond water.

2. Stocking density

The stocking density of yellow catfish in ponds is related to factors such as pond conditions, environmental factors, fish species specifications, feeding level, water source and consumption habits. In the south of the Yangtze River, the stocking rate is 8,000 to 10,000 fry per mu with a total length of 2 cm, 6,000 to 9,000 fry per mu with a total length of 3 cm, and 4,000 to 6,000 fry per mu with a total length of 4 to 5 cm. When the yellow catfish to be stocked grows to a body length of about 7 to 8 cm, the water quality has begun to become fertile. At this time, about 200 silver carp and bighead carp are put into each mu, with a size of 2 to 3 inches. At the same time, Tianshihao lactic acid bacteria water agent is applied to control the water quality in the yellow catfish pond. The seedlings of the year can be grown into commercial fish with a size of 100 to 150g. The yield per mu can reach 300 to 400 kg, or more than 800 kg (pond conditions and bait ideal).

If the pond conditions, water sources and oxygenation equipment are better, the stocking amount can be increased by 50%~100%.

3. Feed and feeding

The feeds used to raise adult yellow catfish include two types: pure animal feed and artificial compound feed, which depend on the resource conditions in each area.

(1) Pure animal feed: including small fish, shrimp, terrestrial earthworms, etc. These feeds are what yellow catfish like to eat, but the sources vary from place to place. Some places have more abundant resources, while others have more limited resources. Generally, most breeders process small fish and shrimp into fish paste and feed them directly. In some places, small fish and shrimp are minced into paste and mixed with plant powdered feed before feeding. The method is to first mix the dry powder feed for use. The standard is: 10% fish meal, 30% soybean meal, 10% corn meal, 25% third-grade flour, and 1% each of vitamins and inorganic salts. When feeding, add Tianshihao lactic acid bacteria aqueous solution to the fish feed and stir it into a ball before use.

(2) Artificial compound feed: The nutritional requirements of commercial yellow catfish compound feed are 38-40% crude protein, 7-9% fat, 20-23% carbohydrates, and 5-6% cellulose. The animal raw materials of commercial yellow catfish feed include fish meal, silkworm pupae, meat and bone meal, feather meal, blood meal, bacterial protein powder, yeast, etc., and the plant raw materials include soybean cake, cottonseed cake, corn and wheat flour, etc. After crushing, the feed is processed into particles with a diameter of 1.5-2mm according to the formula, and then dried and stored for use. The formula of its adult fish feed is: 28% fish meal, 5% feather meal, 5% meat and bone meal, 8% blood meal, 5% feed yeast, 14% soybean meal, 3% corn meal, 2% vegetable oil, 20% wheat flour, 1% vitamin mixture, and 2% inorganic salt additives. The fish feed needs to be mixed with Tianshihao beneficial bacteria to help digestion and save feed.

(3) Feeding: Feeding is a key technology in feeding. The so-called scientific feeding method is to adjust the feeding amount, feeding time and feeding type in a timely manner according to the different species of fish and changes in environmental factors. It is necessary to not only meet the fish's demand for nutrients in a balanced manner, but also to give full play to the maximum utilization rate of feed. It is best to use the domestication method to feed in groups on the water surface like carp, grass carp and crucian carp. Generally, when the water temperature is 10~15℃, the daily feeding amount accounts for 1.5%~1.8% of the fish's body weight; when the water temperature is 15~20℃, the daily feeding amount accounts for 2%~2.5% of the fish's body weight; when the water temperature is 20~35℃, the daily feeding amount accounts for 4%~5% of the fish's body weight.

4. Daily management of feeding

The daily management of ponds must be meticulous and long-lasting. The management scope mainly includes feeding management, water quality management, daily management and fish disease prevention and control and other technical measures.

(ii) Flowing water breeding

Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is a fish suitable for intensive breeding. In recent years, some places in my country have mixed it with other fishes for running water breeding. Some places have also initially used the water drop of reservoirs and waste water from factories for breeding, especially in small ponds for micro-flowing water breeding. The yield has reached 30-50kg per cubic meter of body, and can be higher.

1. Flowing pool conditions

According to the characteristics of the feeding and activity habits of yellow catfish, it is suitable to be raised in rectangular cement (the bottom of the pond must be hard mud or sandy) and small ponds. Water flows in continuously from one end and flows out from the other end. Its specifications are determined according to its conditions, and its size can be suitable. The water flow rate is generally kept at a flow rate of 5mg/L of dissolved oxygen in the water pool.

2. Fish stocking

The size of fish in the flow pond is about 5 cm, and 300-400 fish are placed in each cubic meter of water. When putting the fish, the fish bodies should be strictly disinfected with 3% salt before being put into the flow pond.

3. Bait and feeding

The key to water feeding is to feed complete feed with a protein content of 40-48%. The feeding method is to set up a certain number of feed platforms on both sides of the water pool. Every 10㎡ must have a 1.5㎡ feed platform, and the feed platform should be built about 5-10cm high at the bottom of the pool. The feeding amount varies according to the water temperature. Generally, when the water temperature is 12-18℃, the feeding amount accounts for 2.5% of the body weight. When the water temperature is 18-25℃, the feeding amount accounts for 3-3.5% of the total body weight. When the water temperature is 25-30℃, the feeding amount accounts for 4-5% of the total body weight. Feed more in the morning and evening, and less at noon and when the light is strong.

4. Feeding and management

The water source used for running water cannot carry pollutants, the dissolved oxygen content is above 5mg/L, and the pH value is 7.0-8.5. The feed cannot be excessive to avoid affecting the water quality. Fish disease prevention and control must be carried out regularly, and lactic acid bacteria water agent should be applied in time to prevent fish diseases. The fish carrying capacity per cubic meter of water is generally maintained at about 30kg.

(III) Pond culture

When yellow catfish is mixed with other species in ponds, the usual method is to directly culture 2-3cm long seedlings in the pond to increase the yield of high-quality fish in the pond and the economic benefits. There are two ways: one is to culture about 300 seedlings over 2cm long per mu in the conventional breeding pond. No feed is given; the other is to not put carp and crucian carp in the conventional breeding pond. Instead, 500-600 yellow catfish are put in.

2. Yellow croaker breeding technology in Maoming?

1. Pond conditions

1. The breeding of adult yellow croaker has certain requirements for ponds, and the water depth in the pond must be above 1.5 meters.

2. Ensure that the area is between 3 and 5 acres, and the pond should preferably have a muddy bottom.

3. The pond should have convenient irrigation and drainage and sufficient water.

4. It is necessary to use quicklime to clean and disinfect the pond before putting the fish into the pond.

2. Fish Stocking Density

Yellow bone croaker can be raised together with other fish. When raising them together, you should choose larger yellow bone croakers as much as possible, about 10 cm in size.

The yellow croaker with a size of 2~3cm is released at 1800~2500 per acre.

The size of yellow croaker is 4~5cm, and 1500~1800 fish are released per acre.

3. Feed feeding and management

1. Generally, pure animal feed such as small fish, shrimps, earthworms, etc. can be used.

2. Compound feed can be used. The feed has certain requirements for protein, fat and vitamins.

3. Since yellow bone fish is a carnivorous and omnivorous fish, it has high requirements on the protein content and quality of feed, generally requiring a protein content of 38%~40%.

4. The domesticated artificial seedlings can be fed directly with artificial feed. The artificial compound feed needs to include fish meal, vegetable cake, bean cake, second flour, rice bran, and appetite-inducing and growth-promoting additives, and it needs to refer to the proportion formula of fixed time, fixed quantity, fixed point, and fixed quality.

IV. Daily Management

1. The pond water for breeding yellow croaker needs to be clean water and the transparency should be maintained at 35~40 cm.

2. As yellow croaker’s tolerance to low oxygen is worse than that of regular fish, if the pond is stocked at a high density, an aerator should be installed to prevent it from floating due to lack of oxygen.

3. Yellow bone fish likes clean water, so add new water regularly.

4. The water in the yellow bone fish pond should not be too alkaline, and the amount of quicklime used for disease prevention should not exceed 20 grams per square meter.

5. Fish disease prevention and control

1. If the water quality is good and the feed is sufficient, the yellow croaker will grow rapidly, have a good physique and be less susceptible to disease. It also has a certain inhibitory and elimination effect on some crustacean parasites.

2. Yellow bone fish not only has good disease resistance, it can also eliminate the anchor head disease that other fish are prone to.

3. During the breeding process, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that yellow bone croaker is sensitive to pesticides such as dichlorvos and cypermethrin. Therefore, it is not advisable to use such pesticides in ponds where yellow bone croaker is raised.

3. When do river garfish forage for food in winter?

Generally speaking, the earlier in the morning, the better.

The appetite is more active between 4-5 am and 6 pm to midnight.

Choose a fishing spot where the water plants are thicker.

If you choose an area with muddy water to fish at the same location, you will definitely get something.

In addition, I would like to share with you a little experience. I have caught a lot of fish using this method.

Just use the soil that has been used to raise earthworms to make a nest, don't use a nest maker,

Just run the soil into the nest directly, which has two advantages:

1. If you make a nest in this way, there will be absolutely no small fish disturbing the nest, because the yellow catfish is not afraid of noise.

2. Fish gather quickly, because the soil for raising earthworms has a special smell, which yellow catfish like very much.

In addition, there are some tiny earthworms and small insects in the soil, which yellow catfish like to eat and can keep the fish.

4. What kind of bait hook is best for fishing yellow croaker?

When fishing for yellow catfish, use earthworms and soil to make a nest. This way, there will be no small fish disturbing the nest. More importantly, yellow catfish are not afraid of noise. Yellow catfish like the unique smell of earthworms, and fish gather quickly; there are some tiny earthworms and small insects in the soil, which are the favorites of yellow catfish. In this way, yellow catfish will generally gather more and more, and the more you catch, the more you will catch. The time to fish for yellow catfish is better at night than during the day, and rainy days are better than sunny days. Since yellow catfish like darkness and are afraid of light, you can fish at dusk or at night or on rainy days. In addition, the effect is good on rainy days or after the rain when the river water rises and the water color is turbid.

If you fish at night, 7 to 9 p.m. is the peak feeding time for yellow catfish, and fishing is most effective at this time.