CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What is the pathogen of fish furunculosis?

1. What is the pathogen of fish furunculosis?

[Pathogen] A.punctata f. furunculus, a Gram-negative short rod, round at both ends, with a size of (0.8-2.1) μm x (0.35-1.0) μm. Single or two connected, with a single flagellum at the extreme, capsule, no spores, and uniform staining. The optimum temperature is 25°C, weak growth at 50°C, and death in 1 hour at 65°C.

Agar colonies are round, 2-3 mm in diameter, off-white, and translucent. β-type hemolysis on rabbit blood agar. Moderate growth on potatoes, orange-yellow. [Epidemic situation] Furunculosis occurs in all fish farming areas in my country, with no obvious epidemic season. It occurs sporadically in fish ponds with a low incidence rate.

The main hazards are black carp, grass carp, carp, and bighead carp, and they occasionally occur on silver carp and bighead carp.

Cold-water rainbow trout furunculosis has also been reported in my country. Fry and summer trout have not been found to suffer from furunculosis, but fish of the same year that are several months old have also suffered from this disease; generally speaking, older fish tend to be more susceptible to furunculosis.

2. What is the nemesis of crucian carp hemorrhagic disease?

Treatment of crucian carp hemorrhagic disease

1. For external use: "Mujunxiao" 150 ml/mu*m + "benzalkonium bromide

Cut "30 ml/mu*m.

2. For internal use: Mix 200g of "Dakebacterium" per 1000kg of fish body weight and 300g of "Inducing Stress Relief Type 3" per 40kg of feed and feed once a day for 5 consecutive days.

Prevention measures for crucian carp hemorrhagic disease

1. If there is an insect disease, kill the insects first, "Beichongjing" 40 ml/mu*m. When raising fish together with grass carp and other fish, you can use crushed wheat mixed with "Dake bacteria" to sprinkle throughout the pond and combine it with granular feed mixed with "Dake bacteria" + "Yingjining Type 3" for fixed-point feeding.

2. If there is a problem with the water quality, it must be improved before using medication. Water quality problems can cause repeated bleeding diseases. If the nitrite level is too high, you can use "Water Purification Detoxifier" 500 ml/mu*m or "Jie Shui Ling" 200 g/mu.

3. During the treatment of fish disease or within one week after recovery, there are "three prohibitions": one is to prohibit pulling nets, two is to prohibit adding large amounts of water, and three is to prohibit the use of carbon fertilizers and other nitrogen fertilizers.

3. Treatment, symptoms and prevention measures of grass carp hemorrhagic disease?

The treatment of grass carp hemorrhagic disease is caused by one pathogen, namely "grass carp hemorrhagic disease virus" and another pathogen, namely "small virus particles". There are Wangiodine, Wheel Cleaner, Baoxueting, etc., which can treat fish diseases, regulate water quality, and solve fish stress.

4. What are the main fish species in the ocean?

1. Tuna

Tuna is a large, pelagic, important commercial edible fish. Found in warm waters around the world, it is closely related to mackerel, mackerel, and Spanish mackerel, and is usually classified in the family Scombridae. There is considerable variation within and between families, and the classification is very different, and authorities have different opinions on this.

Tuna is also called tuna, Hong Kong called it tuna, and Macau called it tuna in Portuguese. Most of them belong to the genus Thunnus. The meat of tuna is red because the muscle of tuna contains a lot of myoglobin.

Some tuna, such as bluefin tuna, can use the metabolism of swimming muscles to make the temperature of the blood in the body higher than the external water temperature. This physiological function allows tuna to adapt to a wider range of water temperatures, allowing them to survive in lower temperature waters.

2. Pike

Pike belongs to the order Salmoniformes, family Pike, genus Pike. Also known as black-spotted pike. Commonly known as pike, duck fish. English name: Pikes, Amur pike. Pike is a freshwater fish widely distributed in the frigid and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Its mouth is large and flat like a duck's bill, with a protruding lower jaw. It is the most violent carnivorous fish among freshwater fish. In addition to attacking other fish, it will also attack frogs, mice or wild ducks.

Pike is the only genus of the family Pike of the suborder Pike in the order Salmoniformes. There are 5 species and 2 subspecies. There are 2 species in China, namely the black-spotted pike and the white-spotted pike. The body is slender and slightly flattened laterally; the mouth is very wide, about half the length of the head; the teeth are well developed; the dorsal and anal fins are located backward and opposite; there are spots on the sides of the body.

Pike grows fast, has tender white meat and delicious taste, and is a good edible economic fish. However, because pike is carnivorous, greedy and eats a lot, it is very harmful to other economic fish.

3. Sunfish

Sunfish (scientific name: Mola mola), also known as sunfish, manbo fish, and head fish, is a general term for three species of oceanic fish in the class of bony fish, family Molidae. It is distributed in tropical and subtropical oceans. It is also found in temperate or cold oceans. It is found along the coast of China.

Sunfish are large oceanic fish, with a maximum body length of 3.0 to 5.5 meters and a weight of 1,400 to 3,500 kilograms. They swim alone or in pairs, or sometimes in groups of more than ten. Smaller fish are more active and often jump out of the water, while larger fish move slowly, often lying on their sides or with their dorsal fins exposed above the water. They can also dive into waters more than 100 meters deep.

It feeds on seaweed, mollusks, jellyfish, floating crustaceans and small fish. It carries a large number of eggs, up to 300 million, the largest number of eggs among fish. Juvenile fish are covered with tumor-like spines, which gradually disappear with age, and the body becomes oval.

4. Eel

Eel (mán lí) Anguilla japonica Temminck et Schlegel, is a river migratory fish, originally from the sea, it swims upstream to fresh water to grow up, and then returns to the sea to lay eggs. Every spring, a large number of young eels (also known as white eels and eel lines) enter the river estuaries from the sea in groups.

It is a traditional and precious fish and one of the most mysterious fish in the world. Its growth process is extremely strange. It first lays eggs in seawater and then grows in fresh water.

5. How to prevent and treat hemorrhagic disease in eels?

A small number of eels had large blood spots on their bodies. Based on my past experience, I judged that the eels had a hemorrhagic disease and that preventive measures must be taken immediately. I immediately used glutaraldehyde 1.5ppm and Shencaodan 5ppm to spray the entire pond once a day for 3 consecutive days. At the same time, I reduced the amount of feed to half of the usual amount, increased the amount of fresh feed, and added Shuanghuanglian 5g/kg and Liweisan 4g/kg to the feed. On the third day, the eels were basically not seen "grazing", and everything returned to normal on the fourth day. According to my experience, this method has a significant effect on the treatment of hemorrhagic disease and madness in eels.

If this method is used to spray the entire pond once a week for prevention during the epidemic season of eel hemorrhagic disease and madness, it can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

6. What are the symptoms of eel hemorrhagic disease?

Eels growing in the natural environment rarely get sick. However, under artificial breeding conditions, many diseases often occur due to factors such as density, operation and environment. There are many reasons for eel diseases, some of which are listed below for reference:

(1) The silt at the bottom of the pond is too thick.

(2) When changing water, the temperature difference between the water inside and outside the eel pond is too large (more than 3°C), or the temperature difference between day and night is too large (more than 12°C).

(3) The water quality is not clean.

(4) Food is not fresh or clean.

(5) The eel fry were purchased from dealers and their quality was problematic.

(6) Damage caused by natural enemies and cannibalism.

(7) Excessive or frequent application of pesticides.

(8) The environment is noisy.

(9) Failure to promptly clear residual materials.

(10) Feeding spoiled earthworms.

(11) Too much shade or insufficient light.

(12) Excessive use of antibiotics.

(13) The pH of the water body is too high or too low for a long time.

(14) Poisonous plants accidentally enter the pond.

(15) Overfeeding or not feeding for a long period of time.

(16) Disinfection and pest control work is not carried out regularly.

(17) Randomly turning over aquatic plants in the pond or cage.

(18) There are too few aquatic plants in the eel pond.

(19) The water temperature in the eel pond exceeds 32°C.

(20) When aquatic plants are transplanted, pathogens and parasites are introduced into the pond.

7. Sporozoan disease in fish?

First, we need to distinguish the type of disease and the type of fish we are raising. Sporozoa are a large class of pathogenic protozoa, and there are many types. There are many fish disease sporozoa, which can parasitize the mesentery, gills, brain, spinal cord, and internal organs. Iodine bubble worms are the main pathogenic organisms of carp. Generally, prevention and treatment are the main measures. It is too late to infect the fish. Prevention and control methods:

1. Thoroughly clean the pond with quicklime, etc. to inhibit the massive reproduction of spores and reduce the occurrence of this disease;

2. Before stocking the fish, add 500g of potassium permanganate to 1 cubic meter of water, stir to fully dissolve it, and make a solution with a concentration of 500mg/L. Soak the fish for 30 minutes, or add 500g of lime nitrogen to 1 cubic meter of water, stir to make a suspension, and soak the fish for 30 minutes. Treatment of myxosporean disease This disease is caused by myxosporeans parasitizing the skin, gills, intestines and nervous system of fish. The parts of the fish disease have cysts, which are grayish white dots and tumors. Common myxosporeans include pancake-shaped iodine spores, wild carp sulfonium spores, crucian carp iodine spores, silver carp iodine spores, etc. Symptoms: The sick fish are emaciated, the body color is black, they swim alone or restlessly and wildly, and they are extremely harmful to the fish from October to February of the following year. Treatment methods: 1. Sprinkle 1 jin of 90% crystal trichlorfon per mu of water in the whole pond, and sprinkle it again after 3 to 4 days. 2. For every 10,000 fish or 100 jin of fish, mix 75 grams of edible sulfur powder with feed and feed it for one week. 3. Add 10 grams of 90% crystal trichlorfon to each jin of feed to feed fish, which can cure intestinal parasitic myxosporeans. This method is also effective for ringworm disease. Compare the following information, and it is best to consult an expert for specific practices. Other classifications 1. Madness disease is also known as silver carp madness disease, crazy knife, and silver carp iodine bubble disease. It is caused by silver carp iodine bubble parasitism in various organs and tissues of silver carp, especially the nervous system and sensory organs, such as the brain, spinal cord, parasitic lymph fluid in the cranial cavity, nerves, olfactory system, balance, and auditory systems. Silver carp fry can be infected as soon as they emerge from the membrane. At present, in production, it mainly harms silver carp of full age. When the disease is serious, it can cause a large number of sick fish to die; the meat of sick fish is not fresh and has a strong fishy smell, and it is very thin, so the commercial value of the fish that have not died is also seriously affected. This disease occurs in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds across the country, especially in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. When seriously infected, the sick fish are extremely emaciated, with a large head and a small tail, with an upturned tail. The weight is only about half of that of a healthy fish. The length of the head is 2.95 times the height of the tail stalk (2.2-2.3 times for healthy fish), and the body color is dull and lusterless. The sick fish swim alone in the water, often jumping out of the water and diving back into the water, repeating this many times and dying. When dying, the head often burrows into the mud. Some swim sideways and die due to loss of balance and feeding ability, so it is called crazy disease. When the fish body is cut open, white cysts of varying sizes visible to the naked eye can be seen at the place where the silver carp iodine vesicles parasitize; the liver and spleen are atrophied, there is ascites in the abdominal cavity, and the vagus lobe of the cerebellum is significantly congested; the sick fish are severely anemic. 2. Pancake iodine vesicle disease is a serious fish disease during the grass carp seedling breeding period. It is caused by the parasitism of the pancake-shaped iodine bubble worm, which mainly parasitizes the intestinal wall of grass carp, especially the lamina propria and submucosa of the foregut. It occurs in all fish farming areas across the country, with Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other places being the most serious. The mortality rate can be as high as over 90%. The fry are infected 12 days after being put into the pond, causing a large number of deaths. When the water temperature is 27-30℃, it takes 12-15 days for the worm to develop a generation in the body of grass carp. When the spores aged for 6-8 months are used to artificially infect grass carp fry, 100% of them will become ill. It mainly harms grass carp with a total length of less than 5 cm, and bighead carp, silver carp and black carp mixed in the same pond are not affected. The disease is prevalent from May to July, especially from May to June. Many small white cysts are formed at the parasitic sites of the pancake-shaped iodine bubble worm, and the cysts are surrounded by connective tissue membranes formed by the host. The body color of the sick fish is black; the fish is emaciated, with a slightly swollen abdomen, light red gills, anemia, no food in the intestines, thickened foregut, and degeneration and necrosis of the intestinal wall tissue; when a large number of pancake-shaped iodine bubble worms parasitize on the spine, the fish body may bend. According to reports from Sichuan Province, pancake-shaped iodine bubble worms parasitize in the muscles of carp fry, forming white cysts. The body surface of the sick fish is uneven, and the fish grows slowly. In severe cases, the disease causes a large number of deaths. 3. Wild carp iodine bubble worm disease Wild carp iodine bubble worms parasitize on the skin and gills of dace fry and summer carp, forming many gray-white tumor-like or dot-like cysts, especially on the body surface. In severe cases, it affects the breathing and swimming of the sick fish.

8. What is white skin disease in fish?

It's too easy! The first line of defense of fish is a layer of mucus on the outside of the body, which is used for non-specific immunity and resists external microorganisms. Once the integrity of this layer is destroyed, pathogens have a breakthrough. In epidemiology, many bacteria and fungi are infected and become ill due to trauma. For example, Saprolegnia, Trichoderma, Edwardsiella tarda, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aquaticus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas albicans, Myxococcus ichthyophilus, etc. For example, Pseudomonas fluorescens, the pathogen of red skin disease, cannot invade the fish body if the fish body is intact and has no external trauma or parasites. However, it will invade when there is mechanical trauma or parasite bites that cause injuries.

9. What are the symptoms of fish printing disease?

Prevalence: The disease is a bacterial skin disease caused by Aeromonas punctata, characterized by skin rot and ulcers.

The pathogen is a conditional pathogen that will only infect the fish when it is damaged. It is common in summer and autumn.

Clinical symptoms: The lesions mainly occur on the trunk behind the dorsal fin and on both sides of the abdomen. The lesions appear as round or oval erythema, like a red seal on the fish body. The skin at the lesion site becomes congested, hemorrhagic and inflamed, forming ulcers, which are clearly demarcated from the surrounding normal tissues. In severe cases, bones or internal organs are exposed.

Treatment: Povidone iodine, spray the whole pond at a concentration of 0.15ml/m3 of water, mix with feed and take norfloxacin orally, 30mg/kg body weight, once a day for 3-5 days.

10. How to treat the red gill hemorrhagic disease in crucian carp?

In the early stage of the disease, crucian carp will have mild congestion on both sides of the body, eye sockets, gill covers, fins, etc. When the disease is serious, the body surface and fins will be severely congested, blood will be around the eye sockets, some fish will have protruding eyeballs, there will be light yellow ascites or red turbid ascites in the abdomen, the intestinal wall will be congested, the intestine will be filled with air without food, and there will be a lot of mucus. Gill filaments will be congested or there will be severe anemia, etc. [Causes]

1. There is a lot of silt at the bottom of the pond, and toxic substances are deposited in large quantities. At the same time, the silt also provides a place for the pathogens of fulminant hemorrhagic disease (Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, and Yersinia ruckeri) to breed in large numbers.

2. There is a lack of oxygen in the water and the water environment is deteriorating.

3. Abnormal weather and excessive temperature changes lead to stress reactions in fish, which reduces resistance. [Classic solution] for treating crucian carp hemorrhagic disease: 1. External use of "Mujunxiao" 150ml/mu*m + benzalkonium bromide 30ml/mu*m 2. Internal use: "Dakejun" 200g/1000kg fish weight + "Yingjinning Type 3" 300g/40kg feed mixed with bait and fed once a day for 5 consecutive days