CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What is the principle of pond polyculture?

1. What is the principle of pond polyculture?

Polyculture in ponds is a characteristic of pond fish farming in my country and is also one of the important measures to increase pond fish production. Polyculture can make rational use of feed and water, give play to the mutual benefit between farmed fish, reduce farming costs and increase farming production.

Erythroculter bream can be raised in domestic fish brooding ponds, adult fish ponds and crab ponds. It feeds on wild fish and shrimp and leftover bait in the pond and generally does not require special feeding.

Normally, the number of natural baits such as wild fish in the main breeding pond should be observed. When the bait is insufficient, it should be supplemented in time. For example, a certain number of egg-bearing shrimps can be released to allow them to reproduce and serve as bait for the red carp.

There is no limit to the area of ​​the inter-breeding pond, but in ponds where fat water-loving fish are mainly raised, inter-breeding should be avoided as much as possible.

2. Can fish that breed in rivers be raised in ponds?

OK

1. First of all, check whether there are industrial manufacturers upstream and downstream of the river. Because if there are industrial manufacturers upstream and downstream of the river, they will discharge industrial waste into the river. Even if it is treated, it will still cause a certain degree of pollution. Therefore, it is not recommended to set up farms near industrial production plants.

2. Secondly, pay attention to the growth conditions of surrounding farmland. If the farmland is in the prevention or treatment stage of certain pests and diseases, pesticides will be used, and pesticide residues will flow into the river with irrigation discharge. Therefore, it is not recommended to set up farms near farmland.

3. Pumping and drainage should be carried out in rivers in two different basins as much as possible.

4. The farm should set up a reservoir, which should occupy about one tenth of the total breeding area. After the river water is input, 2-5ppm bleaching powder should be sprayed on the whole pond to mix evenly, and the aeration pump should be turned on and turned off after about 24 hours. Wait for the reservoir to settle and the volatilization gas to evaporate for 3-5 days before it can be used for breeding.

5. Finally, observe whether there are any farmers nearby, because some farmers’ ponds are diseased and if the water discharged after spraying pesticides is used, it may cause cross-infection of fish in their own ponds and cause disease.

3. How to use shallow water ponds to raise fish?

With the rapid development of aquaculture, ponds are being used more frequently and the siltation at the bottom of ponds is becoming more and more serious, especially in village ponds, which has caused many water bodies to be too shallow and the aquaculture space to be narrow. If these ponds are not renovated and repaired, the aquaculture environment will deteriorate.

1. Determine the appropriate breeding type

. Ponds with a water depth of less than 1.0m can be slightly modified to breed eels and loaches. If there is too much sludge at the bottom of the pond, cash crops such as lotus roots can be planted to absorb fertilizer, and a small amount of fish can be bred in the pond. In addition, according to the habits of the farmed fish, fish that grow fast, have a short growth period, are not demanding on pond conditions, and can adapt to living in shallow water can be selected for breeding, such as tilapia, carp, crucian carp, freshwater silver pomfret, etc., which are available for breeding.

2. Efforts to expand water space

The size of the aquaculture water space directly affects the growth and survival of the aquaculture species. If the water level is too shallow, the aquaculture water space will inevitably be relatively small. When stocking fish, a certain stocking density should be mastered. In principle, sparse stocking is the main method, which can relatively increase the aquaculture water space. In the use of aquaculture water, the water level should be kept stable for a long time according to the needs of the aquaculture species. At ordinary times, attention should be paid to filling the pool with water to maintain the highest water level. When the water level drops, new water should be added in time. The low-lying areas on the bank of the pool can be filled with hard soil to try to raise the bank surface, expand the aquaculture water space, and maximize the use of the aquaculture water.

3. Improve the aquaculture water environment

Shallow ponds are greatly affected by the environment due to their shallow water level, especially the obvious changes in water temperature. To change this situation, breeders should take corresponding technical measures according to the different seasons of the year. For example, in spring and autumn, appropriate shallow water in the pond is conducive to the increase of water temperature, which is convenient for aquatic plants in the water body to carry out photosynthesis, increase the natural basic bait organisms of the cultured species, and also help to start feeding early and stop feeding late, which can promote the rapid growth of the cultured species; in summer, the water temperature is high, the water level should be deepened as much as possible, and the cultured water should be changed frequently to regulate the water quality and control the water temperature; when the hot summer comes, measures should be taken to avoid the heat. Where conditions permit, a shed can be built by the pond to provide shade. The simple method is to cover the water with grass, or plant aquatic plants in the pond and around the pond to purify the water quality and regulate the water temperature; in winter, the water temperature drops, and when the cultured species reaches the specifications of commercial fish, they should be sold as soon as possible and try not to overwinter. If you raise eels and loaches in the pond, you can drain the pond water before the ice period comes, let them dive into the mud bottom, and then lay straw on the mud to protect them from the cold.

4. Strengthen daily management

Shallow ponds should be managed more strictly. In addition to paying attention to changes in water quality, ponds should be patrolled frequently, and problems should be solved promptly. Especially in the rainy season in summer, attention should be paid to preventing rainwater from flooding the pond and destroying the bank. Due to the shallow water, attention should be paid to the lack of oxygen in the pond in summer, which may cause flooding. At night, theft should be prevented to avoid accidental losses. In terms of feeding, it is necessary to ensure that the farmed species are well fed, adhere to the principle of small and frequent meals, and feed more feed that the farmed fish like to eat.

, in order to maintain a reasonable supply of nutrients and ensure the same year of investment and the same year of profit. Fertilizer and water should be applied in time when needed.

, to ensure the abundance of natural basic bait organisms in the aquaculture water. When the aquaculture species reaches commercial specifications, once the price is reasonable, they should be caught and sold to obtain profits as soon as possible and avoid and reduce aquaculture risks.

5. Do a good job in disease prevention

In shallow ponds, the water quality is easy to deteriorate, which accelerates the reproduction and growth of pathogens in the water body. If you don't pay attention, it will cause the death of the farmed species. Therefore, disease prevention work should be done in time. In the early stage of farming, the pond bottom should be thoroughly cleaned with quicklime. Because there is more silt in shallow ponds and the bottom is more acidic, the dosage can be slightly increased. It can be sprinkled all over the pond at a dosage of 300g/square meter to adjust the pH value of the farming water body and improve the water quality. When the seedlings are released, they should be disinfected in vitro, and salt water can be used for immersion and medicinal bath. In daily management, quicklime, bleaching powder and other drugs should be used regularly to disinfect the water body and purify the water quality. Pests such as rats and snakes should be captured by artificial methods, and try not to let them invade, otherwise they will be injured by pests due to the shallow water and the farmed species cannot escape.

4. What is the principle of drainage pipe in breeding pond?

1. If there is only a bottom water pipe for the bottom discharge, the water will enter the sedimentation tank, pass through the physical and biochemical tanks, and finally be pumped into the pool through the pump of the clean water tank, forming a water cycle.

2. If the bottom drainage has both bottom water pipes and bottom sewage pipes, in addition to the above-mentioned circulation, there is also a bottom sewage pipe that directly connects to the sewage removal bin. By removing the pipes to discharge sewage, part of the bottom water can be directly discharged out of the pool.

3. The bottom of the fish pond should be flat, with a longitudinal slope from the water inlet to the drain outlet, with a gradient of 1/200~1/300. A ditch should be dug along the longitudinal slope of the pond bottom, which is called "fish ditch" or "fish ditch" in some places, and is about 20~30 cm deep. This ditch has two functions: one is to facilitate drainage and catch bottom fish, and the other is to provide a place for fish or fish species that have not been caught when the pond is dry to reduce injuries or deaths.

4. The water inlet and drainage system consists of water source, water inlet, various channels, sluice gates, water collection pools, water diversion outlets, drainage ditches, etc. The water inlet and drainage channels should be unobstructed, and the water inlet and drainage of the fish pond should be set at diagonal positions.

5. Fish breeding techniques?

1.

Stocking time selection: Fish should be released on sunny days when the temperature is not too low. Generally, the temperature should be between 2℃ and 5℃. At this stage, the fish scales are tight and the activity is small. It is not easy to injure the fish during fishing, transportation and stocking operations, which can reduce the morbidity and mortality of fish. It is easy to frostbite the fish on rainy days with low temperature or snowy, frozen and windy weather; when the temperature is too high, the fish scales are loose and the activity is large, which is easy to injure the fish during operation.

2.

Stocking of fish: Before stocking the fish, check whether the drugs have lost their effectiveness after pond cleaning. In early spring, the water temperature is low and the toxicity disappears slowly. Water should be taken in advance and test fish should be released. According to the stocking plan, individual size, density, and matching species and specifications, the fish that can be released at one time should not be released in batches, so that the fish can adapt to the environment, start eating early, and promote growth. At the same time, [Gold Iodine] should be used for drug disinfection when stocking fish.

3.

Feeding at the right time When the water temperature rises to 810℃, fish begin to eat, and the amount of food intake gradually increases with the increase of water temperature, so they should be fed in time. Feed once a day or every other day, and choose to feed at noon on a sunny day; as the water temperature continues to rise, the number of feedings can be increased to twice, that is, feeding once in the morning and once in the afternoon. Feeding should adhere to the principle of four determinations (timing, quality, positioning, and quantity), and the specific daily feeding amount should be flexibly controlled according to the weather, water temperature, and the feeding situation of fish. For grass carp weighing more than 1 jin, it is recommended to feed Da Beinong high-grade expanded feed 8103 in the early stage of feeding; for small grass carp mode, it is recommended to feed Da Beinong microecological juvenile fish special feed [Intestinal Liver Health], and the feeding rate is controlled at about 0.5%1%. This product is rich in nutrients and probiotics, which can quickly repair the fish intestines, restore the physique, and improve immunity.

Four,

Add organic fertilizer to improve the fertility of the water body. Sanyingshuiwang organic biological fertilizer has a long-lasting fertilizer effect. Yizaoyuan promotes algae growth and quickly fertilizes the water. After the fish pond is cleaned, frozen, and disinfected in winter, the fertility of the water body is low. As the saying goes, raising fish starts with raising water, so fertilizing the pond water is particularly important. In spring, it is best to apply organic fertilizer. It is recommended to use biological fertilizers rich in various trace elements [Sanyingshuiwang] or Yizaoyuan, which are rich in trace elements. The specific amount of fertilizer and frequency should be determined according to the quality of pond water and fertilizer.

The general principle is: early spring, large amount and few times, late spring, small amount and many times. Make the pool water green (including blue-green, yellow-green and bean green) or brown (including yellow-brown, reddish brown and tea-brown), the water transparency is moderate, maintained at about 30 cm, the water temperature is low in early spring, it should be controlled at 20-30 cm, the temperature is high in late spring, it should be controlled at 25-35 cm, the water quality should be kept rich, active, tender and refreshing.

6. What are the pros and cons of raising clams in ponds?

It is best not to raise river clams in fish ponds. River clams reproduce quickly, are difficult to catch, and have low edible value. Especially like water snails, they consume a lot of oxygen in the pond.

If there are too many clams in the wintering pond, the water will be deprived of oxygen, and the pond may even become suffocated, causing the death of a large number of fish. If you are a professional pearl producer, you can raise pearls in the pond, but you need to put fewer fish.

7. How do you calculate the weight of fish raised in a pond?

It mainly depends on the survival rate of the fish you release and how much feed they eat. Most of the time it is estimated by calculating the feed ratio, and the feed ratio is different for different fish.

8. What are the quality requirements for farmed fish?

1. Fish species

1. Different species of fish have different protein and fat content in their muscles, different meat structures, and large differences in price.

2. Different species of fish have different contents of amino acids that make up the protein in the fish meat, such as lysine, arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, etc., and the taste is also different.

3. The types and proportions of fatty acids in fish fat, especially the proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), also vary, resulting in different tastes of fish.

4. DHA is a natural melatonin and an essential nutrient for the human body. Fish with high DHA content include tuna, bonito, salmon, mackerel, etc.

5. The content of the above-mentioned amino acids and DHA in the muscles of marine fish is higher than that of freshwater fish, so marine fish tastes better than freshwater fish.

6. In aquaculture, the selection of breeding species must meet the following conditions: choose suitable breeding species based on the local breeding environment and climatic conditions; examine whether they have market development prospects; the selected breeding species must not have any difficulties in terms of seedlings, feed, etc.; be able to master the feeding and management techniques of the breeding species, and invite breeding experts for regular guidance, etc.

2. Aquaculture water environment

1. Aquaculture requires sufficient water resources, fresh water quality and no pollution.

2. First, establish a farm in a place with sufficient water resources, up-to-standard water quality, convenient irrigation and drainage, and convenient transportation. Secondly, cultivate good water quality. During the breeding process, pay close attention to changes in water temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH value, etc. to ensure that the water quality always remains "rich, active, tender, and refreshing."

3. Feeding

1. Feed is the material basis for farmed fish to survive. The balance between protein, fat, carbohydrates and vitamins in the feed is crucial. Fish eating high-quality and fresh feed can improve their physiological state and immunity, and increase their survival rate. Fish farmed in this way have good color, normal body shape, strong vitality, firm fish meat and good taste.

2. Feed feeding: select palatable, high-quality, fresh feed according to the physiological characteristics of fish, and strictly follow the "four determinations" principle for scientific feeding; adjust the feeding amount in time according to weather conditions and fish feeding conditions; make full use of the breeding space of the water body, adopt a mixed breeding method of multiple varieties, rationally utilize the natural bait and artificial feed in the water body, improve the breeding water environment, and improve the breeding efficiency.

4. Use of fishery drugs

1. In the process of aquaculture, when cleaning ponds and disinfecting, seedlings and feeding tools, and adjusting water quality, the selection of fishery drugs should be scientific and reasonable, and special attention should be paid to the usage and dosage to prevent the quality of farmed fish from being affected by improper use of drugs.

2. The use of fishery drugs should be based on different aquaculture species and different pathogenic factors. Appropriate national standard fishery drugs should be selected, and treatment should be carried out according to the prescribed dosage, usage method, and course of treatment, and the regulations on drug withdrawal periods should be strictly implemented.

3. In breeding, we should start from the nutritional needs of animal growth, feed hygiene, breeding management and other aspects to reduce the occurrence of diseases and ensure human food safety.

9. What is the largest farmed fish?

The fish with the largest farming volume are definitely the four major carps because these fish have a relatively high market demand.

10. What are the ferocious fish that can be raised together with the lucky cat fish?

Gar, map fish, tiger fish, seven-star knife fish, arowana, etc.

1. The bright color difference of the Lucky Cat Fish is very attractive, and its body length can reach 60-80 cm.

2. The lucky cat fish is relatively easy to raise. It likes to eat small fish and shrimps, has a large appetite, and grows quickly.

3. The water temperature for breeding is 22~28 degrees, and the water quality is weakly acidic soft water.

4. Omnivorous, mainly meat, especially small fish, loach, and chicken. It can be fed with bottom-sinking granular feed.

5. The "Lucky Cat" has a big mouth and a large appetite. When hungry, anything smaller than its mouth may be swallowed by it.