CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What should we pay attention to when breeding freshwater fish?

What should we pay attention to when breeding freshwater fish?

1. Classification according to the water temperature requirements of farmed fish: For warm water fish farming, the water temperature is generally 15_30℃, such as carp, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, crucian carp and bighead carp.

Farming of cold-water freshwater fish: The generally suitable temperature is 10_20℃, such as rainbow trout, silver carp, etc.

Hot water fish farming: The generally suitable temperature is 18_30℃, such as tilapia, freshwater silver pomfret, etc.

2. According to the aquaculture water conditions, fish species and specifications, water area types and aquaculture measures, freshwater fish aquaculture is divided into the following methods:

①Fish farming in still water and fish farming in flowing water.

②Single farming, mixed farming and integrated farming.

③ Fish farming in ponds, rice fields, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, cages, enclosures and fences, and factory fish farming, etc.

④Intensive farming, semi-intensive farming, extensive farming, etc.

3. The following is a brief description of the important aspects of pond fish farming technology.

Pond fish farming is the fish farming method used in most parts of China. Currently, the output accounts for more than 60% of freshwater fish farming. It has the characteristics of small investment, high returns, quick results and stable production.

Area: Generally, the area of ​​adult fish pond is 5-10 mu, which is easy to manage. The area of ​​parent fish pond, fry pond and fish fingerling pond is preferably 3-5 mu.

Water depth: Generally, the depth of adult fish ponds is 2-3 meters. Wintering ponds in the north should be 1.5-2 meters below the thickest ice layer in severe cold. The depth of fry ponds and hatchery ponds should be 1.0-1.5 meters. The depth of fingerling ponds is generally required to be 1.5-2.0 meters.

Water quality: Abundant water resources and good water quality are the basic conditions for fish farming.

Requirements for bottom soil: The best bottom soil for pond is loam, sandy loam, followed by clay.

4. Preparation before stocking

Rest the pond, remove weeds and impurities from the bottom of the pond, and level the pond.

①Pond cleaning and disinfection

Traditional pond cleaning method: drain the water in winter, remove pests and improve the bottom quality by freezing, drying and exposing the pond bottom to the sun.

Drug pond cleaning: quicklime or bleaching powder can be used.

② Water injection and water quality cultivation

After the pond is disinfected, wait until the toxicity of the drugs disappears before adding new water. 7-10 days before stocking the fish, add basal fertilizer to cultivate the water quality.

5. Fish stocking

Stocking large-sized fish species is a high-yield measure for pond fish farming. Large-sized fish species have strong disease resistance, high survival rate, and rapid growth. Under pond breeding conditions, grass carp generally stocks fish species weighing 0.25 kg, which can reach 0.5-0.75 kg in size after 4 months of breeding in autumn, such as 0.5-0.75 kg, which can grow to 1.0-1.5 kg. Silver carp and bighead carp generally stock one-year-old fish species, 12-18 cm in size, which can reach 0.5-0.75 kg when leaving the pond. Other fish such as carp, crucian carp and bream all stock one-year-old fish species, and the density is sparse, and the specification is about 12-14 cm. After several months of breeding, carp can reach 0.5 kg in size, bream 150-350 grams, and crucian carp more than 100 grams.

6. High-yield stocking mode

Based on many years of breeding experience, various places have developed many stocking models after scientific summary, which are not listed here one by one. Here we only introduce the 80:20 stocking technology:

① Prepare the pond using the standard method described above.

②Put fish species of uniform size that can eat granular feed (such as crucian carp) and filter-feeding fish species of relatively uniform size (such as silver carp) into the prepared pond, accounting for approximately 80% and 20% of the total production respectively.

③ Feed 80% of the fish with a nutritionally complete, physically good pelleted feed according to the prescribed plan and method.

④ During the entire breeding cycle, always maintain the pond water quality at a level that will not cause stress response in fish.

⑤ At the time of harvest, the main cultured fish (80%) should be of uniform size and reach marketable specifications.

7. Fish stocking density

The stocking density used in various places should be adapted to local conditions according to the pond conditions. For farmers who adopt the 80:20 pond fish farming technology for the first time, the weight of the main fish harvested per acre of water surface shall not exceed the following limits:

① In a pond where oxygenation is limited and flushing is not possible, the fish weight is set at 167 kg.

② In a pond with unlimited oxygenation and limited flushing, the fish weight was set at 267 kg.

③ In a pond where oxygenation and flushing are not restricted, the fish weight is set at 400 kg.

④ Together with the weight of 20% of the cultured fish, the total fish production weight of ponds a, b and c is 209 kg, 333 kg and 400 kg respectively.

⑤ If the average size of the fish out of the pond is expected to be 500 grams, the total number of fish stocked in ponds a, b, and c is 418, 666, and 800, respectively, of which 80% are main fish and 20% are supplementary fish.

8. Feeding and management of pond fish

Good management is an important factor for successful breeding. The ultimate goal of breeding is to obtain the maximum profit. The maximum profit is achieved by maintaining a balance between production costs and the quality and quantity of fish species, the quality and amount of feed, and the quality of the environment. Scientific breeding management can be summarized in the following eight aspects:

① Patrol the pond frequently to observe the dynamics of the fish in the pond. Patrol the pond in the morning, noon and evening every day. Observe whether the fish are floating and the degree of floating before dawn. During the day, you can combine feeding and water temperature measurement to check the fish activity and feeding situation. In the hot season, when the weather suddenly changes, fish are prone to serious floating. You should also patrol the pond around midnight to stop serious floating in time and prevent the pond from flooding.

② Remove weeds and pollutants to keep the water fresh and the pond environment clean, and prevent and eliminate diseases in a timely manner.

③ Master the injection and drainage of the pond, maintain an appropriate amount of water, prevent waterlogging and drought, and prevent fish from escaping. Depending on the situation, inject water once 10-15 days to replenish evaporation consumption, so that fish have ample and comfortable space for activities and a good living environment.

④ Determine the amount of feed based on the weather, water temperature, season, water quality, fish growth and eating habits, and carry out disease prevention work in a timely manner.

⑤ Make good budget and allocation for annual feed and fertilizer demand.

⑥ Use fishery machinery such as aerators and bait throwers reasonably, and ensure proper maintenance and electricity use.

⑦ Pay attention to market conditions and arrange to release the fish from the pond in a timely manner. Where conditions permit, rotate the catch and release.

The county with the most freshwater fish in Hunan Province

Hanshou County of Changde City. The county with the most freshwater fish in Hunan Province is Hanshou County of Changde City, which has the richest fish resources. Hanshou County, which belongs to Changde City, Hunan Province, is located in the northwest of Hunan Province. Hanshou was formerly known as Suo County, with a long history. There are many Neolithic sites dating back more than 7,000 years in the territory. It is not only an important place for the inheritance of Chu culture and the birthplace of Canglang culture, but also formed the unique Canglang culture, Quchu culture and dragon boat culture.