CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What is catfish and how to raise it

1. What kind of fish is catfish and how to raise it

Catfish is a fish of the order Siluriformes, family Siluridae, genus Silurus, species Silurus. They are also called catfish, bearded silver carp, slimy fish, pond mullet, fry, live fish, catfish. They are also called catfish, bearded silver carp, slimy fish, pond mullet, live fish, live fish, catfish. They are also called catfish, bearded silver carp, bearded silver carp, live fish, live fish, catfish. They are also called catfish, bearded silver carp, bearded silver carp, live fish, live fish, live fish, live catfish. 1. What kind of fish is catfish? Catfish belongs to the order Siluriformes, family Siluridae, genus Silurus, and species Silurus. They have many names, and catfish are called differently in different regions, such as catfish, silver carp, slimy fish, pond mullet, raw fish, live fish, and catfish.

Catfish are flat in shape, with a wide mouth and long whiskers around their mouths. Although they look cute, they are actually very ferocious. Catfish growing in the wild have strong hunting abilities, but they prefer to forage in the early morning and evening, and usually move around at the bottom of the water.

2. How to raise catfish 1. Build a pond: If you want to raise catfish in large quantities, you need to build a special breeding pond. It is best to plant some aquatic plants in the pond and put some stones in it to simulate the original environment.

2. Environment: Catfish do not have high requirements for the environment. They prefer lower temperatures and cannot accept too high water temperatures. When they are artificially bred, they need to be properly shaded in the summer. Catfish do not have high requirements for water quality, as long as it is clean and fresh.

3. Feeding: Catfish is an omnivorous fish and usually likes to eat some live bait. Breeders can choose to feed synthetic feed together with live bait to ensure their nutritional balance.

2. How to raise catfish?

1. Fish pond construction

Before breeding catfish, we need to consider the site selection and construction of the fish pond. Generally speaking, we should choose to build a pond in a relatively quiet area with sufficient water resources and unpolluted water quality. Secondly, we should build the fish pond according to the terrain of the selected fish pond, and reasonably plan the area of ​​the fish pond according to the scale of breeding. The depth of the fish pond can be about 1.2 meters, and the drainage pipe and water inlet pipe should be well prepared in the fish pond. Finally, after the fish pond is built, it should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Disinfection is usually carried out with quicklime. After disinfection, new water is injected and waiting for breeding.

2. Select and plant seedlings

There are many catfish fry in the market, but we'd better go to a regular place to select them. When selecting fry, try to observe whether the fry are injured, the activities of the fry, and the feeding conditions of the fry, and then select the healthy, disease-free, uniform and relatively uniform fry. We must disinfect the fry before releasing them, and conduct a trial breeding before releasing them. If there are no problems with the trial breeding, we can officially release them. The last thing to note is that when releasing the fry, we must reasonably control the density. Generally, 70 to 80 fry are released per square meter, and no more than 100 fry are released at most.

3. Water quality management

When breeding, water quality management in the fish pond is crucial, so we must pay great attention to it during the breeding process. First of all, we must ensure that the water in the fish pond is clean. Under normal circumstances, the water needs to be changed every ten days or half a month, but in order to maintain the fertility of the pond, we can retain 30% of the old water each time we change the water. Also, when catfish often jump out of the water, it means that there is a lack of oxygen in the water, and it is necessary to inject salary and add an appropriate amount of oxygenator. Finally, we can also plant some plants such as duckweed and algae in the fish pond, which can also play a role in purifying the water quality.

4. Feeding and management

We also need professional feeding and management techniques when breeding catfish. First of all, we need to choose high-quality feed, and we cannot ignore the quality of feed for the sake of cheapness. Secondly, we need to feed the catfish at a fixed time, location, and quantity, usually in the morning and afternoon every day. After the catfish finishes eating, we must clean up the feed residue in time to avoid polluting the water quality. In addition, we must take measures to prevent diseases and pests to avoid serious losses due to diseases.

3. How to breed catfish? How to breed catfish

Catfish seedlings can be cultivated in cement ponds, upper ponds or cages. The area of ​​the earthen pond should not be too large, generally 100 to 500 square meters is appropriate. The stocking density is 500 per square meter. The same batch of seedlings should be placed in the same pond to prevent individual differences from cannibalizing each other.

The key issue in the fry breeding stage is the starter food. Therefore, before the fry are put into the pond, the pond must first be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected with quicklime or bleaching powder, and then organic fertilizers (cow and horse manure, etc.) are applied to fertilize the water quality, so that zooplankton can multiply in large numbers and ensure that the fry will have abundant and palatable food (such as rotifers, cladocerans, etc.) after they are put into the pond.

Put the injected broodstock into the spawning pond for spawning. The spawning pond should be 5 to 10 square meters in area and about 0.5 meters deep. Put one group of broodstock per square meter. Lay fish nests made of palm bark in the spawning pond. The density of the fish nests should be as high as possible to avoid too many eggs falling to the ground and affecting the hatching rate. After the broodstock lay eggs, quickly capture the broodstock and let the fertilized eggs hatch in the original pond.

Water management: Since catfish need to be fed animal feed, it is easy to cause water quality to deteriorate. Although local catfish can survive in sewage due to lack of oxygen, their growth rate will be significantly slowed down, and in severe cases, they will stop growing. Therefore, the water quality should be kept fresh as much as possible, and the water should be changed 1 to 2 times a week, with 1/4 to 1/2 of the pool water replaced each time. If micro-flowing water can be maintained for a long time, the effect will be better.

Additional information:

Catfish's life habits:

Catfish mainly live in the middle and lower layers of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, mostly active in coastal areas. They hide in grass, under rocks, or at the bottom of deep water during the day, and forage frequently at night. After autumn, they hibernate in deep water or mud, and their feeding level also decreases.

Carnivorous fish, their prey is mostly small fish, such as mullets, crucian carp, goby, wheatear fish, carp, loach, etc. They also eat shrimps and aquatic insects. They mainly swallow food, and the function of their teeth is mainly to prevent food from escaping.

It is a nocturnal animal, hiding quietly in pits at the bottom of the river or under tree roots during the day. It has a large appetite, and large species such as the Danube catfish will attack small water birds or mice, and ferocious bottom-dwelling fish.

Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia - Catfish

The breeding methods of catfish are as follows:

1. Pond conditions: The pond area is 15 mu, the pond depth is 2 meters, the water depth is 1.5 meters, and the pond bottom mud is about 10 centimeters.

2. Stocking of fry: The stocking specification of fry is more than 5 cm in length, and the stocking density is 500 fry.

3. There are two main types of feeds used for feeding: chicken and duck viscera in the early stage of breeding, and wild fish in the later stage of breeding. The feed needs to be crushed before feeding.

4. When raising catfish in a pond, feeding acclimatization method should be adopted in the early stage of breeding. First, acclimate the catfish to feed on the four sides of the pond, then change to feeding on the three sides of the pond, and then gradually acclimate to feeding on one side of the pond, and finally feed at a fixed point. This can improve feed utilization rate and make the catfish of similar size, thereby improving breeding survival rate.

5. Daily management: Regularly inspect the ponds and carefully observe the feeding and activities of catfish, and promptly handle any problems. Catfish have a ferocious feeding habit and cannibalism is quite serious among the same species, so they need to be regularly graded to reduce cannibalism caused by large differences in size between individuals.

6. Disease prevention and control Since Tianjin is located in North China, the average and maximum temperatures in spring and summer are higher than those in the place where catfish are produced, so we should pay attention to disease prevention and control in summer. In the high temperature season, catfish have developed enteritis symptoms during breeding. It can be cured by feeding oxytetracycline as bait, with a dosage of 50mg/kg-80mg/kg, and using it for 7 consecutive days.

Wild catfish have two whiskers, while farmed catfish have six whiskers

Catfish, same as catfish. There are many species, the most common ones are catfish (native catfish), bigmouth catfish, bearded catfish (tang mullet), leather bearded catfish (Egyptian bearded catfish), Hakka commonly known as Tang slippery fish. Bearded catfish, local bearded catfish, also known as tang mullet, pond angle fish. Animal kingdom-Chordata-Chordata-Actinopterygii-Siluriformes-Liptail family-Liptail genus-Liptail species. 8 whiskers, 4 on the upper and lower. Yellow body color, wild fish grow slowly, generally weighing no more than 1 catty, high nutritional value, good taste. Can be artificially cultivated, with great market potential.

Catfish mainly live in the middle and lower layers of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, mostly active in coastal areas. They hide in grass, under rocks, or at the bottom of deep water during the day, and forage frequently at night. After autumn, they hibernate in deep water or mud, and their feeding level also decreases.

Practice has shown that the method of raising catfish is simple, the stocking density is large, the yield is high, and the benefits are good. It is an effective way for the masses to increase their income and become rich. However, when raising catfish alone, due to the large stocking density and high unit yield, the breeding water body is easy to deteriorate, resulting in high morbidity and mortality when raising catfish alone, thus the breeding risk is relatively high. In order to make breeding successful, fishermen and farmers mostly use the method of increasing the amount of drugs, but drugs have the dual nature of killing insects and bacteria, but also harming healthy fish. In addition, the use and residue of drugs directly affect the quality of adult catfish, thereby affecting its sales price and food safety. Therefore, this article introduces an ecological breeding technology for catfish-the use of EM bacteria.

EM bacteria do not contain any pollutants or harmful chemicals and can be widely used in the fields of planting, breeding, environmental protection, health care, etc. It is used in aquaculture and has a significant effect on improving water quality, increasing survival rate and relative growth rate, reducing morbidity, and improving the quality of aquatic products. The key points of the ecological breeding of catfish - EM bacteria use technology are introduced as follows.

1. Requirements for EM bacteria:

EM bacteria should be purchased from regular companies. EM bacteria generally come in two types: EM strains and EM liquid. EM strains are generally low-cost and highly active. EM strains, brown sugar, and water need to be mixed in a ratio of 1:10:200, sealed and fermented for 72 hours before use. The EM liquid used in ecological breeding of catfish is a finished liquid cultivated with Haowangnong EM strains. It is mainly used in two ways: full-pond spraying and mixed feeding with feed.

2. Pond conditions:

The area of ​​the pond for raising catfish alone is generally between 100 and 3,000 square meters, with a pond depth of 1.5 to 2 meters and a water depth of 1 to 1.5 meters. It requires sufficient water supply, convenient drainage and irrigation, less silt on the bottom of the pond, a hard bank without holes, and it is best to use bricks or stones to protect the bank slope.

3. Water quality conditions:

The water source should be unpolluted, colorless, odorless, and tasteless river water, reservoir water, groundwater, etc. The oxygen content should be above 2 mg/L, the pH value can be between 6.8 and 8.0, the water temperature should be 18℃~32℃, and the optimal growth temperature is 25℃~30℃.

4. Pond cleaning, disinfection and preparation:

Before stocking fish, the pond should be cleaned, excess silt should be removed, holes should be repaired, and weeds should be removed from the pond. Quicklime can be used to clean the pond one month before stocking. Quicklime can not only kill pathogenic bacteria, parasites and other harmful organisms, but also keep the pH of the pond water stable, increase the calcium content in the water, and improve the bottom of the pond, releasing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. adsorbed by the silt. The amount of quicklime used is generally 100-130 kg/mu. When cleaning the pond, drain the pond water, first add water to the quicklime to dissolve, stir it into a milky state, and then evenly sprinkle it throughout the pond, including the pond bank. After 2-3 days, plow the pond bottom mud, and then fill it with water. When filling, a filter screen needs to be added to the water inlet to prevent harmful organisms from entering the pond. After 10 days of filling, EM bacterial solution can be used at a dosage of 2.5 kg/mu, and the water quality can be cultivated for 7-10 days. Note: ponds must be plowed when clearing with quicklime. This is a process unique to catfish farming. The purpose is to bury the lime slag used during pond cleaning. Because catfish are bottom-dwelling fish and like to stir up the pond mud, after a period of pond clearing with quicklime, although the medicinal properties of the water disappear, the lime slag at the bottom of the pond still has certain medicinal properties for a considerable period of time. If it is not buried, especially when the fish are just put into the pond, the skin of the catfish can be easily damaged, affecting the survival rate of the fish.

5. Fish stocking:

15,000 to 20,000 fish of 5 to 10 cm in length can be stocked per mu, and the size of the fish in the same pond should be basically the same. When stocking, the fish should be soaked in 3% salt water for 10 minutes.

6. Breeding management:

1. Water quality management. Sprinkle EM bacteria activation liquid once half a month after stocking, with a dosage of 1.5 kg/mu, and extend it to once a month in the later period. No disinfectant is used during the entire breeding period. If fish diseases occur during the breeding process, oral medications can be used symptomatically and mixed with feed. Water should be changed less frequently during the entire breeding period, but water can be added to fill the gap.

2. Feeding management. For single-breeding catfish, artificial compound feed is currently mainly used. It is best to feed qualified floating full-price compound feed produced by regular manufacturers. First, it has comprehensive nutritional value and is suitable for catfish. Second, feeding floating feed is conducive to observing the feeding situation of fish and controlling the feeding amount to avoid excessive feeding, which can easily cause gastroenteritis and water quality deterioration, and increase breeding costs. Every time the feed is fed, it needs to be treated with Haowangnong EM bacteria, that is, the feed fed at that time is mixed with 80ml/kg of EM bacteria activation liquid at a ratio of 1:1 with water, and the feed is evenly sprayed, and then fed. This method can also be used for the use of oral medication. Feed feeding should adhere to the "four fixed" principles, that is, the feeding principles of timing, positioning, quality and quantity. The feeding amount is generally controlled between 2% and 8% of the fish weight.

3. Daily management. After stocking the fish, the management staff should inspect the pond at least once every morning to observe the fish's activities, feeding, and changes in water quality. The migratory ability of catfish is strong, and they are more likely to escape, especially on rainy days. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check the integrity of the anti-escape facilities and plug the holes in time. When it rains heavily, it is also necessary to prevent the rain from washing away the bank of the pond or flooding the pond.

VII. Summary:

1. EM bacteria is a new achievement of modern biotechnology, and its application is becoming more and more extensive. In pond aquaculture, the use of a large amount of EM bacteria liquid can improve the bottom quality and stabilize the water quality, so that farmed fish can basically grow in a water environment close to the natural ecology, thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality rate and making farmed fish successful.

2. From the perspective of breeding economy, in the ecological breeding process of catfish with Haowangnong EM bacteria, the incidence of diseases is reduced, the use of drugs and antibiotics is reduced, the feeding is normal, the growth period is relatively shortened, and the production cost is reduced accordingly. The quality of the products produced in this way meets the current market trend of favoring pollution-free products, and achieves both economic and social benefits.

3. When using EM bacteria, be careful not to use it with antibiotics or disinfectants. EM bacteria should be kept indoors at ordinary times and should be used up within 4 to 5 days in hot seasons and within 7 days in spring and autumn.