CATDOLL : CATDOLL: This is a kind of fish called "Zhikaye" in Xuzhou. It has thorns on its back that can easily cut your hands. It has no scales and no thorns on its body. It is yellow and about the size of a palm.

Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, also known as yellow catfish, belongs to the order Siluriformes, family Pelteobagrus, genus Pelteobagrus. Also known as yellow laced fish, gaiyazi, yellow fin fish, and yellow thornbone, it is widely distributed in the Pacific waters east of China. It lives in shallows with still water or slow currents, hiding during the day and coming out at night. It is 123-143mm long, omnivorous, and mainly feeds on benthic invertebrates, mostly small fish, aquatic insects and other small aquatic animals. It lays eggs in April and May, and the parents have the habit of digging pits to build nests and protect their offspring. During the reproductive period, the male fish has the habit of building nests.

Chinese name: Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Other name: Yellow Croaker

Binomial noun: Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Siluriformes

Family: D. Bagridae

Genus: Pelteobagrus

Species: Yellow catfish P. fulvidraco

Distribution area: Mainly distributed in the Yangtze River, China

Table of contents

Biological characteristics Morphological characteristics

Living habits

feeding habits

Age and growth

Reproduction

Classification

Nutritional Information

Medicinal value

Introduction to breeding technology

Operation points

Fish fry stocking

Fishing method

Gourmet cooking Biological characteristics Morphological characteristics

Living habits

feeding habits

Age and growth

Reproduction

Classification

Nutritional Information

Medicinal value

Introduction to breeding technology

Operation points

Fish fry stocking

Fishing method

Gourmet cooking

Expand and edit this section Biological characteristics

Morphological characteristics

The Angci fish (also called Ang fish, Ga fish), the yellow catfish has a long body, a flat belly, a slightly flattened back half of the body, a large and flat head, a rounded and blunt snout, a large, lower mouth, and the upper jaw is slightly longer than the lower jaw.

Both upper and lower jaws have fine velvety teeth. Eyes are small, lateral, and the interorbital space is slightly raised. There are 4 pairs of whiskers, with the nose whiskers reaching the rear edge of the eyes, and the maxillary whiskers are the longest, extending behind the base of the pectoral fins. There are 2 pairs of maxillary whiskers, the outer pair is longer than the inner pair. The back of the body is dark brown, the sides of the body are yellow, and there are 3 intermittent black stripes. The abdomen is light yellow, and each fin is gray-black. There are 6 to 7 dorsal fin rays, 19 to 23 anal fin rays, 14 to 16 gill rakers on the outer side, and 36 to 38 vertebrae. The unbranched dorsal fin rays are hard spines with serrations on the rear edge. The distance from the starting point of the dorsal fin to the snout is shorter than to the base of the caudal fin. The pectoral fins have more developed hard spines, and both the front and rear edges are serrated. The front edge has 30 to 45 fine serrations, and the rear edge has 7 to 17 coarse serrations. The pectoral fins are slightly fan-shaped, with the end close to the pelvic fins. The adipose fin is shorter than the anal fin, with a free end and a starting point approximately opposite to the anal fin.

Living habits

Yellow catfish mostly lives in still water or slow-flowing rivers and is a bottom-dwelling fish. It lives at the bottom of lakes during the day and swims to the upper layer at night to find food. It has a strong ability to adapt to the environment, so it can survive in adverse environmental conditions. Young fish mostly find food along the banks of rivers and lakes. This fish is a warm-water fish. The survival temperature is 0~38℃. The best growth temperature is 25~28℃, the pH range is 6.0~9.0, and the optimum pH is 7.0~8.4. The ability to tolerate low oxygen is average. It grows normally when the dissolved oxygen in the water is above 3mg/L, floats when it is below 2mg/L, and suffocates and dies when it is below 1mg/L.

feeding habits

The diet of yellow catfish is mainly carnivorous and omnivorous. Foraging activities are generally carried out at night. The food includes small fish, shrimp, various terrestrial and aquatic insects (especially chironomid larvae), small mollusks and other aquatic invertebrates, and sometimes small fish. Its diet varies with the environment and seasons. In spring and summer, it often swallows the eggs of other fish. In the cold season, there are more small fish in the food, and the benthic animals gradually decrease. The diet of yellow catfish of different sizes is also different. The body length of 2~4cm mainly feeds on copepods and cladocerans; the individuals with a body length of 5~8cm mainly feed on zooplankton and aquatic insects; the individuals over 8cm feed on mollusks and small fish.

Age and growth

The growth rate of yellow catfish is relatively slow, and the common individual weight is 200~300g. In natural large waters, a 1-year-old fish can grow to a body length of 56mm and a weight of 5.7g. A 2-year-old fish can grow to a body length of 98.3mm and a weight of 20.6g. A 3-year-old fish can grow to 135.5mm and a weight of 36.1g. A 4-year-old fish can grow to 160.1mm and a weight of 58.2g. A 5-year-old fish can grow to 177.7mm and a weight of 81.3g. Male yellow catfish are generally larger than female fish. Fish aged 1 to 2 grow faster, and then grow slowly, with a 5-year-old fish only 250mm.

Reproduction

Yellow catfish reaches sexual maturity at 2-4 winters (about 3 years old or more), and the smallest mature individual is 11.7cm for females and 14.8cm for males. The sexually mature male fish has a reproductive process behind the anus, while the female fish does not. It lays eggs in April and May in the south, and starts to lay eggs in June in the north. It is one of the fish species that lay eggs later. The water temperature is required to be between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius. The spawning activity takes place at night, and when the weather changes from sunny to rainy, it can lay eggs. Yellow catfish has the habit of building nests and laying eggs to protect their offspring. When laying eggs, the parents choose sandy and muddy shallows with water plants, with a water depth of 8-10cm, and use the pectoral fins to shake intermittently on the mud bottom. There are several people building fish nests together, and there are also dozens of groups, forming a group of holes not far apart. Each hole is about 15cm in diameter and 10cm deep. The eggs are laid and fertilized in the hole. The male fish protects the eggs at the hole mouth for hatching. When other fish approach the hole, the male fish pounces on the intruder and drives it away. It often uses its huge pectoral fins to stir the water in the hole, using the water flow to help the eggs hatch. It guards until the fry can swim on their own (7-8 days). During this period, the male fish hardly eats. After the female fish lays eggs, it leaves the nest to look for food. The yellow catfish carries 1086-4469 eggs, and the mature eggs are 1.7mm in diameter. The fertilized eggs are yellow and sticky, and they sink to the bottom of the nest or adhere to the roots of water plants on the wall of the nest. The eggs produced are about 2.5mm in diameter and can hatch within two days. The yellow catfish may be a fish that lays eggs in batches.

Edit this section classification

There are many types of yellow catfish, including yellow catfish of Wallace, yellow catfish of forked tail, yellow catfish of Angtang, yellow catfish of intermediate, yellow catfish of fine, yellow catfish of Jiang, yellow catfish

, Glossy Yellow Catfish, etc. The snout of the Forked Tail Yellow Catfish is short. There are 4 pairs of whiskers; the upper jaw whiskers are long, and the end exceeds the middle of the pectoral fin. The body is scaleless. The rear edge of the dorsal fin spine is serrated. The pectoral fin spines are the same length as the dorsal fin spines, and the front and rear edges are serrated. The adipose fin is short. There are 21 to 23 anal fin rays. The caudal fin is deeply forked. The nose whiskers are all black. "It is a common fish in rivers and lakes, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the lake. It lives on the bottom. It feeds on insects, shrimps, snails and small fish. It is not big. It is distributed in the Yangtze River system. Yellow catfish (Yellow catfish, Yellow catfish) The top of the head is covered with thin skin. There are 4 pairs of whiskers, and the end of the upper jaw whiskers exceeds the base of the pectoral fin. The body is scaleless. The dorsal fin spine is longer than the pectoral fin spine, and the rear edge is serrated. The front edge of the pectoral fin spine is smooth, and the rear edge also has serrations. The end of the pelvic fin reaches the anal fin. The base of the adipose fin is slightly shorter than the base of the anal fin. There are 21 to 25 anal fin rays. It is a bottom fish. It can live in rivers and lakes, especially in rivers. The main food is insect larvae and shrimps. The largest individual is about 2 kilograms. It is distributed in the Yangtze River and Pearl River systems. Glossy yellow catfish (Yellow catfish, Yellow catfish) The snout is short and slightly pointed. There are 4 pairs of whiskers, the upper jaw whiskers are slightly shorter, and the tip does not reach the base of the pectoral fins. The dorsal fin spine is longer than the pectoral fin spine, and the serrations on the rear edge are thin and weak. The front edge of the pectoral fin spine is smooth, and the rear edge is serrated. The tip of the pelvic fin can reach the starting point of the anal fin. The base of the adipose fin is shorter than the base of the anal fin, and there are 22 to 25 anal fin rays. The caudal fin is deeply forked. It lives in the middle and lower layers of rivers and lakes. It feeds on aquatic insects and shrimps. It lays eggs in shallow waters near the coast from April to May. During reproduction, the male fish digs a pot-shaped round hole on the bottom of the water, which is covered with aquatic plants. The female fish lays eggs in the hole, and the male fish waits by the hole to protect the development of the eggs. The individual is not large, and the common body length is 80 to 140 mm. Distributed in the Yangtze River system. Pelteobagrus whitingii (Hard-horned yellow catfish, Jiang catfish, Langsi, Feituo yellow catfish, Niuweizi, Qikoutou, Jiaojiaoyu, Gayazi) It belongs to the order Catfishiformes and the family Catfish in taxonomy. It is distributed in the rivers of the Yangtze River, Pearl River, and Heilongjiang River in China, and in lakes connected to the Yangtze River. It can form natural populations. Pelteobagrus vachelli is an important wild economic fish in the water bodies of China's river basins. Pelteobagrus vachelli likes to live in slow-flowing rivers and lakes connected to rivers. It lives on the bottom. Its meat is tender, delicious, has no intramuscular spines, and is rich in nutrition. It is very popular among consumers. Pelteobagrus vachelli is much larger than Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and the largest individual can reach more than 1kg.

Edit this section Nutritional information

(Contains per 100 grams) Edible part 52 Water (g) 71.6 Energy (kcal) 124 Energy (kjoule) 519 Protein (g) 17.8 Fat (g) 2.7 Carbohydrate (g) 7.1 Dietary fiber (g) 0 Cholesterol (mg) 90 Ash (g) 0.8 Vitamin A (mg) 0 Carotene (mg) 0 Retinol (mg) 0 Thiamine (microgram) 0.01 Riboflavin (mg) 0.06 Niacin (mg) 3.7 Vitamin C (mg) 0 Vitamin E (T) (mg) 1.48 aE 1.05 (β-γ)-E 0.43 δ-E 0 Calcium (mg) 59 Phosphorus (mg) 166 Potassium (mg) 202 Sodium (mg) 250.4 Magnesium (mg) 19 Iron (mg) 6.4 Zinc (mg) 1.48 Selenium (μg) 16.09 Copper (mg) 0.08 Manganese (mg) 0.1 Iodine (mg) 0

Edit this section Medicinal value

Yellow catfish nature and flavor: sweet, flat, slightly toxic. Function: promote urination, eliminate edema, dispel wind, sober up. Suitable for eating: suitable for people with ascites due to liver cirrhosis, edema due to nephritis, edema due to beriberi, and edema due to malnutrition; suitable for yellow catfish

Eat it in the early stage of children's smallpox. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Cooking it will reduce edema and promote urination." Yao Kecheng's "Food Materia Medica": "It mainly benefits the spleen, stomach and five internal organs, and cures smallpox in children." Avoid eating: According to the experience of predecessors, it is a "triggering" food. Therefore, people with chronic diseases such as bronchial asthma, lymphatic tuberculosis, cancer, lupus erythematosus and stubborn itchy skin diseases should avoid eating it or eat it with caution. Avoid eating it with the Chinese medicine Nepeta tenuifolia. "Daily Materia Medica": "It can cause wind and qi, sores and scabies. Patients should avoid eating it." "Sui Xi Ju Diet": "It is sweet, warm and slightly toxic, and can cause smallpox." "Compendium of Materia Medica": "It is anti-Nepeta tenuifolia." Prescription: (1) Edema caused by water vapor (acute nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, etc.): 3 yellow catfish, 1 small cup of mung beans, 1 garlic head, boil in water until soft, remove the fish, eat the beans, and drink the soup. Do not add salt. (2) Dysentery and ulcers: Take one yellow catfish, remove the intestines and put in 20 castor beans, seal with yellow mud, calcine in charcoal fire, remove the mud, grind into fine powder, mix with vegetable oil and apply twice a day. Wash and wipe the affected area with salt water before use. (This recipe can also be used to treat ulcers in the lower limbs.) Yellow catfish saliva source: It is the mucus secreted from the skin of yellow catfish. From "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Yellow catfish saliva, take it from under the wings." Meridians: Lung; Kidney. Harvest and storage: It can be caught all year round. After catching, scrape the mucus secreted from its skin and use it fresh. Usage and dosage: For internal use: Make into pills, appropriate amount. Function and indication: "Daily Materia Medica": "Cure thirst." Prescription: For thirst and excessive drinking: Yellow catfish saliva, green clam powder, and talcum powder in equal parts. Make pills as big as walnuts, and take 30 pills with corn soup. Yellow catfish cheek bone Source: Yellow catfish cheek bone. Functions and indications: "Puji Fang": Treat throat paralysis, burn the yellow catfish cheek bone to remove fire poison, and take three spoonfuls of it with tea. The above content is for reference only. Please follow the doctor's instructions for all diagnosis and treatment.

Gourmet cooking

Oil h Golden Thread Fish Cuisine: Su Cuisine Recipe Ingredients: 10 golden thread fish (i.e. yellow catfish) (about 1000g), onion, garlic, ginger, scallion, dried chili, scallion oil, refined salt Oil h Golden Thread Fish

, monosodium glutamate, chicken essence, Shaoxing wine, etc. Preparation method: 1. Kill the golden fish, clean it, add onion, ginger, Shaoxing wine, refined salt and other seasonings, stir evenly, and marinate it. 2. Slice the onion, put it in the bottom of the casserole with garlic, segments, ginger slices, and dried chili peppers, spread the golden fish, add 250g of scallion oil, cover the casserole lid and simmer over medium heat for 10 minutes. Operation essentials: The golden fish should taste fresh, tender and slightly spicy, and the onion flavor should be strong. After the casserole is covered, the cooking time should not be too long. Ingredients for Sichuan River Red Pot Yellow Croaker: 500 grams of yellow croaker (scientific name: yellow catfish, also known as gar fish, also known as yellow girl), 100 grams of Sichuan pickled sauerkraut, 30 grams of Sichuan pepper section, 50 grams of garlic, 50 grams of fresh tomatoes, 30 grams of celery, and 20 grams of chives. Base material configuration: 20g bean paste, 10 peppercorns and 10 peppercorns each, 10g old ginger, 15 peanuts, 10g rock sugar, 5 star anise, Sichuan red pot yellow croaker

4 bay leaves, 20g scallion oil, 1000g broth, 10g chicken essence, 10g salad oil. Preparation: 1. Kill the yellow croaker, tear off the gills and internal organs, wash with clean water and set aside. Cut the celery into 3 cm long segments, then cut into thin strips. Cut the tomato into 0.2 cm thick slices, remove the stems of the garlic cloves and set aside, and cut the chives into 5 cm long segments. 2. Put the pot on the fire, add scallion oil and heat it to 70% hot, add rock sugar and stir-fry on low heat until it turns reddish brown, add bean paste, prickly ash, pepper, old ginger, peanuts and stir-fry on high heat until fragrant, add broth and chicken essence and simmer on medium heat until the soup is bright red, thick and fragrant, then filter the residue and set aside. 3. Put a small amount of salad oil in the pot and heat it to 50%. Stir-fry the pickled cabbage, yellow croaker, and celery over high heat until fragrant. Add the boiled red soup and simmer for 8 minutes on low heat. Add Sichuan pepper, whole garlic, fresh tomatoes, and scallions and serve with the fire. Features: bright red color, tender meat, spicy and mellow. Production key: The yellow croaker should not be too large, just medium size. Spicy yellow croaker ingredients: dried chili, Sichuan pepper, ginger slices, scallion segments, and garlic granules. Seasoning: cooking wine, light soy sauce, salt, sugar, chicken essence. Method: Put cooking oil in the pot (more than usual cooking), add Sichuan pepper after the oil is hot, stir-fry until it is spicy, then add dried chili, ginger slices, scallion segments, and garlic granules to stir-fry (do not use too high a fire, and do not let the Sichuan pepper and dried chili paste), pour in the fish and stir-fry together, add cooking wine, light soy sauce, and sugar later, stir-fry until fragrant, and add hot water to the pot, with the standard of covering the fish body. The fish is tender and does not need to be cooked for a long time, so you can add salt and chicken essence to season it. Add lettuce cubes and cook together before serving. Be careful not to cook it too long, or it will be too soft and not tasty. After serving, add a little coriander to garnish, and a good home-cooked delicacy is born. Characteristics of boiled yellow diced fish: red juice, tender meat, salty, fresh and slightly spicy, rich aroma, Sichuan boiled flavor. Boiled yellow diced fish

Ingredients: 750g of Huang La Ding Seasoning: 35g of Pixian Douban, 20g of pickled pepper, 2g of Sichuan pepper, 5g of ginger rice (cut into rice-sized pieces), 10g of garlic, 15g of chopped green onion, 15g of Huoxiang leaves, 20g of cooking wine, 5g of salt, 6g of soy sauce, 5g of sugar, 4g of vinegar, 2g of MSG, 80g of egg white starch, 1000g of salad oil (100g is consumed) Operation process: 1. After slaughtering Huang La Ding, remove the internal organs and dirt, wash and drain the water, add salt, cooking wine, starch, mix well, arrange and starch, crush the Douban and pickled pepper, wash and chop Huoxiang leaves and use them as substitutes. 2. Put the pot on medium heat, heat the oil to 40% hot, put the starched Huang La Ding in the pot and slide it, and remove it when it turns white. Leave 75 grams of oil in the pot, add bean paste, pickled peppers, ginger, garlic and rice, stir-fry until fragrant, add broth, cooking wine, yellow diced basil, soy sauce, salt, vinegar, sugar and pepper, bring to a boil, then simmer over low heat until the yellow diced basil is well-seasoned and the soup is thick, add MSG, chopped green onions and hoisin leaves, stir well, and serve. Yellow catfish is often used as a medicine. Its meat is sweet and flat, has the effect of dispelling wind and diuresis, and can be used to treat edema, sore throat and other symptoms.

It is called "Gallop S". It is a little green and has mucus all over its body. It is used in milk soup. It is very nutritious. It is also called "Hiccup Fish". There are many in the vegetable market.