CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What are the symptoms of enteritis caused by broiler viruses?

1. What are the symptoms of enteritis caused by broiler viruses?

What are the symptoms of enteritis caused by broiler viruses? Ulcerative enteritis is an acute bacterial infectious disease of broilers caused by Clostridium coli (also known as intestinal Clostridium), characterized by sudden onset and rapid mass death. This disease often occurs concurrently with coccidiosis, or is secondary to coccidiosis, aplastic anemia, infectious bursal disease and stress factors. Under natural conditions, the disease is mainly transmitted through feces. Broilers that die acutely show almost no obvious clinical symptoms. In slightly slower cases, depression, ruffled feathers, and white watery feces can be seen. In cases where the course of the disease lasts for more than 1 week, the sick chickens are weak, emaciated, and have atrophied breast muscles, which can often heal on their own. The gross lesion characteristics of acute dead chickens are obvious hemorrhagic inflammation in the duodenum, and small bleeding spots can be seen in the intestinal wall. In cases with a slightly longer course of the disease, necrosis and ulcers may occur in the small intestine and cecum. The characteristics of early lesions are small yellow lesions with bleeding edges, which can be seen on both the serosal and mucosal surfaces. As the ulcer increases in size, it may take on a lentil-shaped or roughly circular outline, sometimes merging to form large necrotic pseudomembranous plaques. Ulcers may penetrate deep into the mucosa, but older lesions are often more superficial and have raised edges, forming crater-like ulcers. Ulcers in the cecum may have a central depression filled with dark material that is not easily washed away. Ulcers often perforate, leading to peritonitis and intestinal adhesions. Liver lesions vary in appearance, from mild yellowish spotty necrosis to larger irregular necrotic areas at the edge of the liver. The spleen is congested, enlarged, and hemorrhagic. There are no obvious macroscopic lesions in other organs. The prevention of this disease mainly involves regular hygiene work, and the farm and utensils should be disinfected regularly. Feces and bedding should be cleaned frequently and subjected to biothermal disinfection to reduce the spread of pathogens. Avoiding the stimulation of adverse factors such as crowding, overheating, and overeating, and effectively controlling the occurrence of coccidiosis, has a positive effect on the prevention of ulcerative enteritis. Among the drugs, streptomycin, bacitracin, metronidazole, etc. have certain preventive and therapeutic effects on this disease. The preferred drugs are streptomycin and bacitracin, which can be administered by injection, drinking water, and mixed feed. The mixed feed concentration is 0.006% streptomycin and 0.005%-0.01% bacitracin. The mixed drink concentration is 1.5 kg of water per gram of streptomycin, and it is used for 3 consecutive days.

2. What causes viral rash?

Viral rash is a viral skin disease caused by viral infection. There are many viruses in nature that can cause rashes, but only measles, roseola, chickenpox, mouth sores, hand and foot rashes and several other types of rashes are officially named. Viral outbreaks often occur due to the body's own low resistance, which is common in children and the elderly. Typical viral rashes, such as measles, are caused by measles viruses. Clinically, rashes also occur, mostly in early spring, and are more common in children with low resistance who have not been vaccinated against measles. Pay attention to personal hygiene and wash your hands frequently before and after meals. When an outbreak of an infectious virus occurs, you should seek medical attention in time to avoid worsening symptoms.

3. What causes gout in broiler chickens? How to prevent it?

Gout in chickens is a disease caused by impaired protein metabolism in the body. It can occur in chickens of all ages and is characterized by increased uric acid levels in the blood. Uric acid is widely deposited in the form of urate in the joint capsule, articular cartilage, heart, liver, renal tubules, and ureters. (1) Causes: The protein content in high-protein feed is too high and the energy is low. If the chickens are fed for a long time, they cannot fully utilize the energy for maintenance and production. Feeding protein feed, especially feed rich in protein and nucleoprotein such as animal offal, meat and bone meal, fish meal, and soybean cake, puts a great physiological burden on the kidneys and can easily induce gout, such as feeding young chickens with chick feed. High calcium and low phosphorus in feed, such as using laying hen feed for reserve chickens too early, feeding chicks and broilers with laying hen feed, and using limestone powder instead of bone meal, can all cause gout. Lack of vitamin A and vitamin D in feed Vitamin A can maintain the normal function of epithelial cells. When it is lacking, the mucous membranes of the esophagus, trachea, eyelids, renal tubules, and ureters become keratinized and fall off, causing tubular and ureteral urinary tract disorders and nephritis. When breeders lack vitamin A, the hatched chicks are often susceptible to gout. In severe cases, they die as soon as they hatch. Vitamin D promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption and metabolism. Renal insufficiency Factors that cause renal insufficiency include poisoning and disease. Such as sulfonamide poisoning, moldy corn poisoning, etc. Diseases such as renal infectious bronchitis, infectious bursal disease, inclusion body hepatitis, pullorum, infectious nephritis, and Escherichia coli may all be secondary to or complicated by gout. Poor feeding and management The chicken house is damp and cold, the stocking density is high, the chickens lack exercise and light, and the daily diet is insufficient. Water shortage: Due to high incubation temperature, low humidity, long-distance transportation, especially in summer when water is started too late, and the brooding temperature is too high, the chicks cannot drink enough water. When they are dehydrated, their urine is concentrated, causing urate to deposit in the ureter. (2) Symptoms: Sick chickens are listless, lethargic, their combs are shrunken and faded, their appetite is reduced, and their thirst is increased; their feathers are ruffled and they gradually become thinner; they have diarrhea, excrete white semi-mucous loose feces, their anus is weak, and the feathers around the anus are sticky with white feces. When articular gout occurs, the sick chickens' toes and leg joints swell, they limp, and they squat and stand alone. (3) Autopsy of sick chickens with visceral gout: during autopsy, the kidneys are pale and swollen, and urate deposits on the surface form white spots. The ureters are dilated and thickened, and the lumen is filled with lime-like sediments. In seriously ill chickens, the surface of the liver, heart, spleen, mesentery and peritoneum is covered with a layer of powdery or flaky urate deposits, which are reflective. The joints of chickens with articular gout are swollen and nodules are formed. When cut open, gray-yellow cheesy urate crystals are found inside. Figure 31 Urate deposition in sick chickens (provided by the Poultry Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences) (4) Prevention and treatment Use kidney swelling detoxification drugs to clear the ureters and reduce the deposition of urate in the body. Take 0.2-0.5 grams of atropine per chicken twice a day orally. This drug can enhance the excretion of uric acid and reduce the accumulation of uric acid in the body and joint pain. Pay attention to cold protection and bedding hygiene when brooding chicks. Try to avoid dehydration during long-distance transportation. After arriving at the chicken house, give the chicks salt solution first, and then feed them 2-3 hours later. When using sulfonamides, avoid overdose. When gout is suspected, stop using sulfonamides. Pay attention to preventing feed from mildew and do not feed spoiled feed. If feed is stored for too long, the potency of vitamin A will decrease. When kidney swelling or epidemic occurs, supplement vitamin A in time. When gout is severe, reduce the crude protein content in the feed and increase the vitamin content. Prevent high calcium and low phosphorus in the diet, pay attention to the calcium and phosphorus content in each period, and adjust the feed formula in time. The content of vitamin A in the breeder feed must be sufficient.

4. How to solve the USB bot virus?

1. Use safe and reliable anti-virus software to clean viruses, install anti-virus software on computers that are frequently plugged in and out, and do not randomly insert USB flash drives into untrusted computers.

2. Format the USB flash drive. When you encounter a virus in a USB flash drive that cannot be removed, you can only format the USB flash drive directly and enable write protection for the USB flash drive. After enabling write protection, the USB flash drive can only read data but not write data, so the virus cannot infect the USB flash drive.

3. Check the USB drive for viruses regularly.

4. Check Show all files and folders.

5. Set the computer to automatically scan the USB drive after inserting it.

5. Is swine fever caused by bacteria or viruses?

The correct attitude for things you don't understand is to trust science and professionals. In fact, swine fever has been around for a long time. When I was a child, the pigs in my hometown got swine fever. The only treatment was antibiotics. Life and death were determined by fate. The meat of dead pigs was purple. Some people couldn't bear to throw it away and couldn't sell it, so they ate it themselves. It was okay.

Back to the question itself, African swine fever is actually a viral infection. Viruses are different from bacteria. They have very high requirements for hosts and are very sensitive to external environmental factors.

In addition, the focus of the media and academia is very different, so don't blindly believe everything you see in media reports.

6. What causes canine herpes virus disease?

Canine herpesvirus disease is an acute, fatal, highly contagious respiratory disease in dogs caused by the herpesvirus.

The disease mainly occurs in puppies under 20 days old, and dogs over 60 days old do not show clinical symptoms when infected.

The virus is mainly excreted from the dog's saliva, nasal fluid and urine; puppies can be infected through the placenta, contact with the vagina of an infected mother dog during delivery, or contact with the virus after birth.

The sick puppies showed depression, loss of appetite or loss of appetite, no obvious change in body temperature, diarrhea, yellow-green watery stool, abdominal pain, drooling, vomiting, runny nose, difficulty breathing, continuous howling, and then died.

The puppies are left with opisthotonos and breaststroke-like limbs and other central nervous system symptoms.

(1) All puppies should be urgently immunized with canine herpes virus inactivated vaccine, with 1.5 ml/vaccine for the first vaccination, followed by the second and third vaccinations at an interval of 5 days. Pregnant female dogs should be immunized 4 times in succession, with an interval of 6 days.

(2) Place the dog in a 35℃ incubator and add 10-40 ml of electrolyte balance solution subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. Or administer artificial rehydration salts orally, 5-15 ml each time.

(3) Subcutaneously or intraperitoneally inject 5-10 ml of recovered dog serum once a day.

7. What causes the HPV virus?

HPV virus is a pathogenic microorganism. This pathogenic microorganism is contagious through contact and can be transmitted through sexual intercourse or other close contact with a person infected with the virus; it can also be transmitted through using personal items or sharing toilets with an HPV virus infected person. Poor disease resistance is one of the causes of HPV virus infection.

8. What virus causes measles?

Measles is caused by myxovirus. Measles virus belongs to paramyxovirus and is transmitted through respiratory secretion droplets. Clinically, it is characterized by fever, upper respiratory tract inflammation, conjunctivitis, and red maculopapular rash on the skin and measles mucosal spots on the buccal mucosa. After the rash subsides, pigmentation and bran-like desquamation remain. It is often complicated by respiratory diseases such as otitis media, laryngotracheitis, pneumonia, etc., and serious complications such as measles encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. There is currently no specific drug treatment.

9. What virus causes foot-and-mouth disease?

Foot-and-mouth disease is an acute zoonotic infectious disease caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus.

10. How to treat pneumonia caused by viruses?

Viral pneumonia should be treated with active infusion and antiviral drugs. Generally, the condition can be controlled in about a week. Don't be too anxious. At the same time, pay attention to drink more water, rest more, do not eat spicy and irritating foods, and closely monitor changes in body temperature. If the body temperature exceeds 38.5 degrees, actively reduce the fever and treat it. Don't be anxious.