CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to breed scorpions How to breed scorpions

1. How to breed scorpions How to breed scorpions

1. When breeding scorpions, pay attention to the temperature and humidity: Temperature and humidity are the key to the success of scorpion breeding. Scorpions generally move between 16 and 38 degrees Celsius, are dormant below 10 degrees Celsius, and 25 to 30 degrees Celsius is the best breeding temperature.

2. Scorpion breeding also requires good scorpion reproduction: timely breeding and separation are important measures to improve the efficiency of scorpion breeding. Scorpions are ovoviviparous and reproduce from July to August. A female scorpion can produce 8 to 40 eggs. Two minutes after laying eggs, the egg shells will crack when exposed to wind, and the little scorpions will crawl out.

3. When the baby scorpions crawl off the back of the mother at 8 to 11 days old, they should be separated from the adult scorpion and the mother scorpion and raised in a separate container. Add some very small mealworms or some meat sauce mixed with malted milk and glucose to ensure the survival rate of the young scorpions.

4. When breeding scorpions, you must take measures to prevent them from escaping: Scorpion escape not only affects breeding benefits, but also brings unpredictable damage to the surrounding environment.

5. Scorpion breeding requires good protection against enemies: Although scorpions have certain attack and toxicity, they are vulnerable to their natural enemies and often become their delicacies. The main enemies of scorpions are mice, ants, and roosters.

2. How to manage scorpion breeding in summer

Increase feed intake

When the temperature is above 25℃, scorpions become more active and eat more as the temperature rises. This is the peak period of growth and development, and the body consumes a lot of nutrients and water. The number of times of feeding should be increased, and the feeding should be once every 3 to 4 days, especially when the temperature rises above 32℃, it should be once every 2 to 3 days. The feed should not be single, but diversified. In addition to feeding yellow mealworms, earthworms, and foreign worms, earthworms, moth larvae, maggots, etc. should also be fed. The amount of each feeding should be enough to eat the whole day. Too much is a waste, and too little is not enough, which affects growth and development. High temperature will cause the scorpion to consume a lot of water in the body, so it should be fed with sweet feeds such as fresh watermelon peel, melon peel, and tender corn to replenish water.

2. Humidity management

In the rainy season, when the relative humidity is around 90%, it will affect the growth and development of scorpions. Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce the relative humidity of the breeding pool, indoors and nesting soil. The specific measures are: open the doors and windows for ventilation after 9 o'clock on sunny days to reduce the humidity, or use charcoal to absorb moisture. If conditions permit, use a moisture absorber to absorb moisture, so that the relative humidity of the breeding pool and indoors is kept below 80%, and the nesting soil is changed frequently, and the over-wet nesting soil is replaced with pollution-free new soil with a water content of 7% to 10%. In addition, the residual feed in the food bowl is removed outdoors every day to keep the feed room and nesting soil dry.

3. What is the current prospect of scorpion breeding?

First: Before you decide to raise scorpions, you must first understand the following facts about scorpion breeding:

1. Long cycle: The gestation period of scorpions raised at constant temperature is about 4 months. Theoretically, 3 litters can be produced in a year (in actual breeding process, a few scorpions can also produce 3 litters a year, but this only accounts for a small part of the total number of scorpions, and I found that scorpions that produce 3 litters in a year will have significantly lower production, low quality of offspring, and significantly lower rates of carrying and survival). Under normal circumstances, there are usually 2 litters a year. If the temperature is well controlled, 5 litters can be produced in 2 years. The average growth period from young scorpions to adult scorpions is 10 months (scorpions can grow into a batch at 8 months, but it is difficult to exceed 1/3 of the total number. Generally, scorpions are taken out of the pond at 10 months. At 10 months, pregnant scorpions with eggs can be picked out for seed and commercial scorpions can be sold. For scorpions that have not grown up at 10 months, I suggest that you should mix them with adult scorpions and sell them together. If you have an idle scorpion pond in your scorpion room, you can also merge these scorpions into a pond and raise them for another two months. However, these scorpions grow very slowly and are not suitable for seed preservation). So a cycle should be at least 12 months.

2. Low survival rate: Due to the serious self-mutilation phenomenon of scorpions when molting, the current technology can only reduce the mortality, but cannot completely avoid it; for small-scale family breeding, the survival rate will be higher if a single cup is used for molting, but the survival rate of large-scale breeding is difficult to exceed 50%, and the benefits are good if it can be controlled above 30%; of course, I mean high-density breeding. If the density is low, the survival rate may be higher, but the heating cost is not enough. (The highest survival rate in my experiment two years ago was more than 70, but the density was low, and there was not much benefit after careful calculation; many people brag about their survival rate, but in fact, it is meaningless to talk about the survival rate of scorpions)

3. Imperfect technology: Scorpion breeding is only in the initial development stage, and the technology is not as mature and perfect as pig and chicken breeding. Don't listen to anyone's boasting. It can be said that it is still in the exploratory stage. No one can guarantee your success. The real experience must be accumulated by yourself in the breeding process. I think whether scorpions can be successfully bred depends on learning and personal experience in the breeding process. As the saying goes, "The master leads you to the door, but the practice is up to you."

4. Low success rate: Due to the long scorpion breeding cycle and high mortality rate, as well as reasons such as being cheated by speculation, few people can persist, so the current success rate of scorpion breeding is very low. You can find out that there are almost no people in each group who have actually bred scorpions for more than one cycle. Most of them are novices, and there are few real technical exchanges. Some people brag about their scale, survival rate, and even how fast the scorpions grow. They just want to attract the attention of novices. The technology they exchange is fake, and most of them are for the purpose of speculation. In the past few years, false advertisements for scorpion breeding on TV have deceived many people. Now some novice breeders have seen the huge profits from speculation, and have begun to deceive people through the Internet in various groups!

5. Prospects: Many people are worried about the prospects of scorpion breeding and the sales of scorpions. In fact, the scorpion breeding craze in the past few years was just hype, and there are very few real successes. If only a few people succeed in the future, it will definitely make money; if the technology matures and everyone succeeds in breeding, it will definitely not make money;

6. Risks: All investments are risky. The unpredictable risks in the breeding industry are relatively large. Scorpions, as a newly started specialty breeding industry, are even riskier. Everyone should be mentally prepared for these!

Second: If you understand the above situation clearly and feel that you have the patience to raise scorpions, it is best to try raising a small number of scorpions at the beginning according to your actual situation; you can use your idle old house to renovate it, and you can try raising them. There is no need to increase investment or expand the scale unless it is absolutely necessary. Breeding relies on technology, not pomp (many of the fancy venues in advertisements cannot actually raise scorpions, and they just make money by speculating on seeds); if you plan to try raising them, you can work and explore at the same time in the first year. The key to studying scorpions is to be attentive, not to waste time; if after a cycle, you feel that you have mastered the technology and the survival rate is okay, then you can continue to breed scorpions; if you feel that you are not suitable after a year, you should quit resolutely, and there is no need to hang yourself on a tree; raising scorpions relies on care and hard work, but hard work cannot guarantee your success. What you need for success is the right time, place and people!

Mengshan Scorpion Farm

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How to breed scorpions:

1. Overview

1. Types and distribution of scorpions

Scorpions, also known as whole scorpions or whole insects, are one of the oldest known terrestrial arthropods. Scorpions prefer warm weather and are widely distributed in most parts of the world except the frigid zone. In my country, they are distributed from Hainan Island in the south to Heilongjiang in the north.

2. The practical value of scorpions

Scorpion is a traditional precious Chinese medicine. It has the effects of calming wind and stopping spasms, promoting blood circulation, reducing swelling and relieving pain, and attacking poison and dispersing joints. It can be used to treat convulsions, stroke, hemiplegia, facial paralysis, tetanus, lymph tuberculosis, sores, swelling and poison, etc. At present, there are more than 100 kinds of decoctions made with scorpions, and more than 60 kinds of Chinese medicine made with whole scorpions. For example, "Zai Zao Wan", "Da Huo Luo Wan", "Qi Zhen Wan", "Qian Zheng San", "Zhi Tong San", "Zhong Feng Hui Chun Wan" and so on all use whole scorpions as the main ingredients.

In addition to its medicinal uses, scorpions have long been a famous delicacy in hotels, restaurants and even on the tables of ordinary people. Regular consumption of scorpions not only has good effects in removing phlegm, detoxifying, relieving pain and unblocking meridians, but also has therapeutic effects on digestive tract cancer, esophageal cancer, colon cancer and liver cancer. At present, scorpion products are becoming popular all over the country as good tonic and health food.

(III) Scorpion venom

The pharmacological effects of scorpions mainly depend on scorpion venom. According to scientists' determination, scorpion venom contains proteins, hyaluronic acid enzymes, biogenic amines and other ingredients, and toxins account for 60% to 70% of the total content.

Scorpion venom is mainly used clinically for the nervous system and cerebrovascular system, and has special therapeutic effects on malignant tumors, stubborn viruses and AIDS. Currently, drugs using scorpion venom as the main raw material have been put into mass production in Japan and Singapore.

In agricultural production, scorpion venom is mainly used to make green pesticides. This type of pesticide does not contain artificially synthesized chemical ingredients, but is made of pure natural substances. It does not pollute the environment and is harmless to humans and animals, but has a unique killing power against young insects, making it an ideal pesticide for producing green vegetables and fruits. At present, this type of pesticide is mainly promoted and used in Russia and other countries.

my country started the research on scorpion venom relatively late, and the research on application technology is relatively backward, which has attracted great attention from Chinese scientists. At present, my country's scientific research departments are engaged in the pharmacological analysis of scorpion venom, collection technology, and application technology, and have entered the trial production stage.

(IV) Analysis of artificial scorpion breeding

1. Broad sales channels

Due to the long-term reclamation of mountains and fields, the development of mineral resources, the widespread use of pesticides and the large-scale artificial capture, the wild scorpion resources have been depleted and even face the danger of extinction. This has caused a very prominent contradiction between supply and demand with the market's growing demand for scorpions. Although the price of scorpions has been rising again and again, the national scorpion production can only meet about 30% of the market demand. This information tells us that scorpions have become a hot commodity in the market, and the soaring prices are unstoppable. It can be said that buying at any time is the right choice. Therefore, many experts always hoard hundreds of kilograms or even tons of scorpions to continuously obtain considerable economic benefits brought by the soaring prices.

2. Mature technology

my country's research on artificial scorpion breeding technology began in the 1950s. The technology has been refined for more than 40 years and has reached perfection. Therefore, the State Science and Technology Commission has promoted artificial scorpion breeding as a key point in the "Spark Plan" during the 8th Five-Year Plan period. CCTV's agricultural science and technology programs have repeatedly broadcast practical scorpion breeding technology materials. To further encourage people's enthusiasm for scorpion breeding, the country has also introduced preferential policies such as long-term tax exemption for family scorpion breeding. All of this provides technical and policy guarantees for people to raise scorpions.

3. Convenient conditions for artificial scorpion breeding

First, the investment can be large or small. Second, it occupies very little land, requires little labor, and can be raised by both urban and rural men and women. Third, scorpions excrete little feces, have no odor, and do not pollute the environment. Fourth, scorpions have strong vitality and disease resistance, and rarely suffer from diseases. Fifth, eliminated scorpions can still be used as medicine, which does not affect their utilization value. Sixth, scorpions reproduce quickly and have a high litter birth rate.

4. Considerable economic benefits

As the contradiction between scorpion supply and demand becomes increasingly prominent, the price of scorpions has also been rising year by year, with the highest price of live scorpions climbing to more than 600 yuan. Therefore, artificial scorpion breeding is an ideal family sideline and the first choice for laid-off workers and farmers to get rich and become well-off.

2. External characteristics and living habits of scorpions

1. External characteristics of scorpions

1. External characteristics of scorpions

The adult East Asian scorpion is generally 4 to 6 cm long (female scorpions are about 5.2 cm long, male scorpions are about 4.8 cm long). The back of the trunk, the end of the tail and the end of the stinger are gray-brown and purple-brown, and the rest of the body is yellow-orange. The body is divided into three parts: the cephalothorax, the anterior abdomen, and the posterior abdomen. The cephalothorax and the anterior abdomen are collectively called the trunk, which is flat and long oval. The posterior abdomen is tail-shaped, commonly known as the tail, but it is not actually a tail because there is no digestive tract inside the tail. The whole body is shaped like a pipa.

2. The difference between male and female scorpions

Scorpions are dioecious, and the differences between the sexes of adult scorpions are quite obvious, mainly manifested in the following aspects:

(1) Body length and width are different. The male scorpion is 4 to 4.5 cm long and 0.7 to 1 cm wide; the female scorpion is 5 to 6 cm long and 1 to 1.5 cm wide.

(2) The pincers of the horns are different. The pincers of the male scorpion's horns are relatively thick and short, while the pincers of the female scorpion's horns are relatively thin and long.

(3) The ratio of the trunk width to the width of the posterior abdomen is different. The ratio of the above ratio is less than 2 in male scorpions, while it is more than 2.5 in female scorpions.

(4) The width of the lower part of the sternum is different. The lower part of the sternum of male scorpions is narrower, while the lower part of the sternum of female scorpions is wider.

2. The living habits of scorpions

Artificial scorpion breeding must create a good ecological environment suitable for the survival, growth and development of scorpions, so we should have an in-depth understanding and comprehensive knowledge of the living habits of scorpions.

1. Habitat

Scorpions like to live in dark, humid places, often lurking in gravel, earth holes, and cracks. They like quiet, clean, and warm environments, and are negatively attracted to sounds. Slight sounds can make scorpions panic and flee. Scorpions like cleanliness, and will stay away from irritating odors such as pesticides, fertilizers, and quicklime.

2. Activity patterns

Scorpions hibernate at room temperature, entering the nest around the beginning of winter and emerging around the Qingming Festival the following year. The hibernation period is about six months. When hibernating, scorpions usually hide in their dens in piles, with their appendages retracted and their tails curled up, and they do not eat or move.

During the growing season, scorpions are nocturnal and hide under rocks or in crevices during the day. They rarely come out to move around, usually coming out at dusk and returning to their nests to roost at 2 to 3 in the morning.

3. Predatory habits

Scorpions are carnivorous animals that mainly prey on spiders, centipedes, mosquitoes, flies and other insects. The insects that scorpions like to eat have the following characteristics: fresh, soft and juicy, medium size, rich in protein and fat, and no special smell.

Scorpions have poor eyesight and are basically incapable of searching, tracking, hunting, or finding targets from a distance. They mainly detect targets by sensing the air vibrations caused by the activities of small insects around them. Therefore, they have a strong ability to prey on very agile house flies, but their ability to prey on slower-moving woodlice is relatively poor.

The low predation ability of scorpions has cultivated the habit of scorpions to endure hunger and eat a lot. In the presence of water and weathered soil, scorpions can survive for 8 to 9 months without food or water. A hungry scorpion can eat food almost equal to its body weight at a time.

4. Moisture

The growth and development of scorpions cannot be separated from water. Lack of water will affect the smooth progress of the body's activities.

The water in the scorpion's body is constantly consumed. There are three ways to consume it: first, the water is emitted from the body surface, second, the water is discharged through feces, and third, the water is lost through breathing. Therefore, scorpions need to constantly obtain an appropriate amount of water from the outside world to maintain their own body fluid balance. Scorpions obtain water in the following ways: first, they obtain a large amount of water through eating, second, they absorb water from the soil and air within their range of activity through their skin; third, in very dry conditions, scorpions also drink water directly. The first two are the main sources of water for scorpions, so when the environmental humidity is normal and the food supply is sufficient, scorpions do not need to drink water.

5. Temperature

Scorpions are cold-blooded animals, and their growth, development and life activities are completely controlled by temperature.

Scorpions can survive between -2 and 42 degrees Celsius. However, at -2 to 0 degrees Celsius or 40 to 42 degrees Celsius, scorpions can only survive for about 5 hours.

The hibernation temperature of scorpions is 2 to 7 degrees. When the temperature is higher than 7 degrees for a long time, scorpions will hibernate restlessly, their metabolism will speed up, and they will be prone to premature aging and unable to safely overwinter.

Scorpions start to move at temperatures above 12°C. At 12 to 24°C, scorpions are active for a short time, in a small area, and their growth is slow. When the temperature reaches 25 to 39°C, scorpions can mate and lay seeds, and their growth and development are in good condition. When scorpions are exposed to high temperatures above 42°C, their activities quickly become disordered, followed by coma, and they die of dehydration in about half an hour.

6. Humidity

Scorpions also have certain requirements for humidity, and the ambient temperature greatly affects the lives of scorpions.

The humidity mentioned here has two meanings:

(1) Soil humidity. Soil humidity refers to the water content of the soil in the scorpion nest. Normal humidity is about 15%.

(2) Atmospheric humidity. Atmospheric humidity, also known as relative humidity, refers to the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere. Normal humidity is about 70%. Low or high atmospheric humidity will affect the scorpion's ability to obtain water.

Generally speaking, the places where scorpions are active are relatively humid, while the burrows where they live are relatively dry.

7. Intraspecific competition

Intraspecific competition is a reflection of the law of survival of the fittest in nature, and is beneficial to maintaining ecological balance, species continuation and evolution. Intraspecific competition among scorpions is mainly manifested in mutual attacks between scorpions, with the big attacking the small, the strong attacking the weak, and those that have not shed their skin attacking those that are molting, etc.

There are causes for intraspecific competition among scorpions, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) severe lack of food and water; (2) severe mutual interference; (3) deterioration of ecological factors such as temperature and humidity; (4) competition for space; (5) competition for mates. If we understand these issues and handle them properly, intraspecific competition among scorpions can be completely avoided.

3. Life history of scorpions

At normal temperature, it takes 3 years for a scorpion to grow from a baby scorpion to an adult scorpion. The breeding period of a scorpion is 4 to 5 years, and it gives birth to one litter each year. Its lifespan is 7 to 8 years.

The egg cells of scorpions develop in the ovaries for about a year. After mating and fertilization, the fertilized eggs complete embryonic development in the body for about 40 days and produce young scorpions. The birth time is generally from July to August.

After the baby scorpion is born, it crawls on the back of the mother scorpion. The baby scorpion does not eat, but relies on the remaining yolk in the body for nutrition to maintain growth and development. The baby scorpion is about 1 cm long, milky white, fat, with short appendages and weak mobility. It usually gathers in a mound shape with its head facing outward on the back of the mother scorpion. The baby scorpion is born at the age of 1. The scorpion molts 6 times in total, and becomes an adult scorpion at the age of 7.

Under suitable conditions, the scorpion will complete its first molting on the back of the mother scorpion on the 5th day after birth and enter the 2nd age. After molting, the young scorpion will fall around the mother scorpion, but will soon climb back onto the mother's back. The body color of the 2nd-year-old scorpion becomes darker and turns light brown, and the weight increases, and the body becomes slender. After another 5 to 7 days, the young scorpion will leave the back of the mother scorpion and live independently. At this time, the young scorpion has enhanced mobility, its tail stinger can sting, and can expel a small amount of venom. It has the ability to prey on small insects and starts to move around at night to catch food.

In September, the young scorpion will shed its skin for the second time and become a 3rd-year scorpion, with a body length of more than 2 cm and increased weight. After about 40 days, the 3rd-year scorpion will eat fat and store enough nutrition to prepare for the winter. It will enter hibernation in late October and start stinging around Qingming Festival the following year. After May, as the temperature rises, the young scorpion will reach another peak of feeding. In June, it will shed its skin for the third time and become a 4th-year scorpion. At the end of August, it will shed its skin for the fourth time and become a 5th-year scorpion, and then enter hibernation. In June and August of the third year, it will shed its skin once each to become a 7th-year adult scorpion.

They reach sexual maturity at the end of the third year and begin breeding in the summer of the following year.

After each molting, the scorpion continues to eat, its weight continues to increase, and its body length also increases in leaps and bounds.

Creating constant temperature conditions can partially change the living habits of scorpions. They can grow and develop throughout the year, and the interval between molting is significantly shortened. It only takes about 250 days for a baby scorpion to grow into an adult scorpion.

3. Scorpion non-hibernation breeding technology

At normal temperature, the growth cycle of scorpions is 3 years, which is extremely long. The reason is that temperature is the first factor that restricts the growth and development of scorpions. In most parts of my country, the average daily temperature is around 30℃ for only about 100 days each year, and the suitable temperature for the growth and development of scorpions is between 25℃ and 39℃. Although the time for scorpions to hibernate and enter hibernation is 6 months, the growth and development of scorpions is basically stagnant in the first month after hibernation and the first month before hibernation due to the low external temperature. The actual growth and development time calculated in the 3-year growth period is only about 11 months. If the hibernation habits of scorpions can be artificially changed, it means shortening the growth cycle of scorpions and greatly improving economic benefits.

The following are two hibernation-free breeding techniques.

< 1> Solar Energy Farming

Solar energy is not a new term. Solar cells and solar water heaters have already entered thousands of households. In the cold winter, the tomatoes and cucumbers we eat every day and the flowers we give to relatives and friends are all from solar greenhouses. The solar scorpion breeding we introduced is also based on the principle of solar greenhouses, with scientific guidance. After long-term production practice and countless improvements, we have gradually explored a complete set of new technologies for solar scorpion breeding.

1. Construction of solar scorpion pool

The construction of solar scorpion ponds needs to be in a place that is sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, so that it can fully receive sunlight. Now, taking a 1.2X2X0.4 meter scorpion pond as an example, the specific construction method of the solar scorpion pond is introduced.

Select a site, dig a 1.2x2 meter rectangular earth pit with a depth of 40 cm, and evenly distribute two wells with a diameter of 45 cm at the bottom of the rectangular pit. The depth of the wells should be 30 cm to 50 cm. Then build up the pit with single bricks around it until it is level with the ground. Fill it with bricks, stones, etc., and cover it with a pre-made cement cover. There are small holes on the cover for scorpions to enter and exit. At this point, the lower part of the scorpion pool is completed.

A single brick wall was built around the cement cover, and a 15 cm glass strip was attached around the wall 15 cm away from the cover to prevent the scorpions from escaping. Windows were set up on the north slope of the scorpion pool for ventilation and feeding. The south slope of the scorpion pool was sealed with plastic film (uncovered in summer), and tiles were built in to form a hillside shape. The entire solar scorpion pool was built, and the entire scorpion pool looked like a solar plastic greenhouse where farmers grow vegetables, but it was much smaller.

2. The life patterns of scorpions in the solar scorpion pool

From mid-June to mid-September, the weather is hot, which is the best growth area for wild scorpions. During this period, the plastic film on the scorpion pool should be removed. In the evening, the temperature of the upper part of the scorpion pool is relatively high, and the scorpions move from the lower part to the upper part to forage for food. After midnight, the weather becomes cooler and the temperature drops, and the scorpions move downward to the bottom of the cement board to rest. The next day, as the sun rises, the outside temperature gradually rises, and the scorpions quietly move upward and lie on the back of the upper tiles to fully receive the sun's radiant heat. By noon, the upper temperature rises to more than 38 ℃, and the scorpions quietly move downward to the back of the cement cover. In the afternoon, the upper direct sunlight temperature rises to more than 45 ℃, and the temperature on the back of the cement cover also exceeds 38 ℃, and the scorpions continue to move downward. The temperature at the bottom of the scorpion pool is about 27 ℃. In the evening, the sun sets, the temperature of the scorpion pool gradually decreases, and the scorpions move upward to the upper part of the cement cover to forage for food.

From early March to mid-June, the temperature rises and wild scorpions begin to grow; from mid-September to the end of November, the temperature gradually drops and wild scorpions eat fat and begin hibernation. During these two periods, scorpions grow and develop slowly. At this time, we cover the scorpion pool with plastic film. Under the sunlight, the upper temperature of the solar scorpion pool can reach above 42 ℃, and the lower temperature is not lower than 18 ℃. Scorpions always live in the best temperature environment through the movement of the upper and lower layers, which extends the best growth time of scorpions from about 3 months to about 9 months in a year.

From the end of November to the end of February of the following year, the outside temperature drops and the temperature in the solar scorpion pond can no longer meet the needs of their growth and development. At this time, the scorpion pond should be covered with straw mats to make the scorpions hibernate.

(2) Constant temperature scorpion breeding

Although solar scorpion farming has many advantages, it has some drawbacks such as the inability to raise scorpions in layers and low space utilization. Therefore, many unemployed young people and laid-off workers in cities and towns still generally adopt the constant temperature farming method.

Scorpions are mostly raised in a constant temperature cage. The cage can be divided into 3 or 4 layers according to the height of the room. Generally, the bottom layer is used to raise feed insects, and the other layers are used to raise scorpions. The reasonable height between the layers is 30 cm for the bottom layer and 60 cm for the other layers. Glass strips or plastic films and other smooth materials are attached to the inner side of each layer to prevent scorpions from escaping. This cage is suitable for farmers with tight living conditions.

The heating equipment for the greenhouse can be stoves, kangs, fire walls, fire channels, heaters, etc., based on the principle of economy and practicality, and choose reasonably according to your actual situation.

4. Scorpion

< 1〉Origin of scorpion species

It is best for farmers to import breeding scorpions from artificial scorpion breeding units or breed them themselves.

1. Introduction

When introducing scorpions, you need to have a detailed understanding of the scorpions you are introducing, such as the species of the scorpions, the age of the scorpions, whether the female scorpions are pregnant, etc. You should choose scorpions that are large, over 4.8 cm long, have intact limbs, are strong, move quickly, have curled abdomens when still, have enlarged front abdomens, and have shiny skin.

When selecting seeds, you should pay attention to the ratio of male and female scorpions. Some breeders only select female scorpions instead of male scorpions in order to obtain scorpion offspring. This practice is wrong. After the female scorpion is fertilized, although the sperm can be stored in the spermatocyst for a long time for lifelong reproduction, the reproduction rate decreases year by year, and the scorpion offspring are weak and have a low survival rate. In order to increase the number of offspring produced by female scorpions and the quality of the offspring produced, the breeding scorpions need to mate every year. Therefore, when introducing breeding scorpions, an appropriate number of male scorpions must be introduced. According to many years of breeding experience, the ratio of male to female can be matched at 3:1.

The introduction of scorpions can be carried out at any time except the late stage of scorpion pregnancy and the delivery period.

It takes a process for the breed scorpions to adapt to the new environment. Some of the scorpions that have just been put into the pond will not eat for 2 to 3 days, so do not feed them with large amounts of insects. Check whether the anti-escape measures of the scorpion pond are complete, and if any problems are found, remedy them in time.

2. Breeding

In addition to purchasing scorpion breeders from artificial breeding units, breeders can also breed scorpions on their own.

(II) Purification and rejuvenation of scorpions

From the 4-5 year old scorpions, select large, shiny, healthy, lively and adaptable individuals and carefully raise them in a special pond. After these scorpions mate and give birth, select the strong, early-birthing and high-birthing female scorpions and put them into a special pond. Then put an appropriate amount of high-quality adult male scorpions into the pond for mating and reproduction. In order to preserve and bring into play the excellent traits of the breeding scorpions, this work should be carried out frequently.

5. Scorpion breeding and management

1. Stocking density

In order to reduce mutual interference between scorpions, the stocking density of scorpions must be appropriate. According to many years of breeding experience, the appropriate stocking density per square meter of scorpion pond is: about 10,000 scorpions of 2-3 years old, about 6,000 scorpions of 4-5 years old, about 4,000 scorpions of 6 years old, about 2,000 adult scorpions, and about 500 pregnant scorpions.

2. Ecological factors

The ecological development of scorpions is the result of the combined effects of surrounding environmental conditions. The key to the success of scorpion breeding lies in whether the ecological environment you create is suitable and conducive to the growth and development of scorpions.

The main ecological factors affecting the growth and development of scorpions include temperature, humidity and food.

1. Temperature. Scorpions are cold-blooded animals, and temperature has the most obvious effect on them. Their growth, development, mating, reproduction and other life activities are completely controlled by temperature.

The suitable temperature for scorpion growth and development is between 32℃ and 38℃.

2. Humidity. Humidity greatly affects the growth and development of scorpions. The soil humidity in the scorpion nest is between 10% and 20%, and the most suitable soil humidity is between 15% and 18%. The atmospheric humidity is between 60% and 85%, which can be measured with a dry and wet thermometer.

Temperature and humidity affect each other. Generally speaking, when the temperature is higher, the water evaporates faster and the humidity is often lower. After watering indoors, the humidity increases, while the temperature decreases as the water evaporates and continuously absorbs heat. It can be seen that temperature and humidity are contradictory to each other.

The coexistence of temperature and humidity often leads to four results: low temperature and high humidity, low temperature and low humidity, high temperature and low humidity, and high temperature and high humidity. The first three are not conducive to the growth and development of scorpions, while the latter will make scorpions more active, shed faster, and develop better. Therefore, high temperature and high humidity is the ecological environment we pursue.

3. Food. The following principles must be met when choosing food for scorpions: first, scorpions like to eat it and it can promote their growth and development; second, it is abundant in source, cheap, and can be supplied in large quantities; third, it can coexist with scorpions for a long time without polluting the environment.

Based on the above principles, we recommend mealworms, earthworms, and woodlice as food for scorpions.

Earthworms and woodlice not only provide scorpions with comprehensive and rich nutrition, but also act as voluntary cleaners in the scorpion pond.

The above factors are closely related and jointly affect the growth and development of scorpions. Problems in any of these links will have an adverse effect on the growth and development of scorpions. Therefore, in the process of breeding and management, we must be comprehensive and not neglect any one aspect.

3. Scorpion's Shedding

Scorpions need certain molting conditions to shed their skin:

1. Have sufficient nutrition and physical strength; 2. The ecological environment such as temperature and humidity should be suitable; 3. The place should be quiet and secluded.

Because the bodies of scorpions that have just shed their skin are soft, they are often attacked by other scorpions when food is scarce. Scorpions that have just shed their skin have a strong appetite, so all scorpions should be fed well before and after molting.

4. Scorpion mating

Under non-hibernation conditions, normally developed scorpions will mature in about 8 months and can mate under appropriate conditions.

A male scorpion can mate with two female scorpions in a short period of time, and a particularly strong male scorpion can only mate with three female scorpions in a row. After mating, a male scorpion will have to wait three months before it can mate with a female scorpion again.

After mating and fertilization of the female scorpion, the sperm may be stored in the seminal vesicle for a long time, so the scorpion can reproduce for life after mating once, but the reproduction rate decreases year by year.

The key to managing the scorpion's mating period is to create suitable external conditions so that male and female scorpions can successfully complete mating in a good external environment.

These conditions are: 1. The temperature is between 28℃ and 39℃. Within this range, the higher the temperature, the higher the mating success rate. 2. Avoid strong light. Strong light will prolong or interrupt the mating process of scorpions, and weak light will induce mating. 3. Scorpions are afraid of wind, and windless or breezy weather is conducive to scorpion mating. 4. The ground is flat and solid, with a certain friction, which is conducive to fixing the sperm clamp and can ensure the smooth completion of scorpion mating. 5. Scorpions are timid and afraid of being disturbed, so a hidden and quiet mating environment should be created for them.

5. Scorpion giving birth

Scorpions are ovoviviparous. Without hibernation, the fertilized egg can complete embryonic development in the female scorpion's body in about 40 days.

A few days before giving birth, pregnant scorpions experience labor pains due to the contraction of their genital opening, and therefore they become restless, eat less or stop eating, and are not active, only slowly going out at night to find a place to give birth. When giving birth, the first and second pairs of legs of the female scorpion embrace each other, the articulated organs hang down, the third and fourth pairs of legs support the ground, the front abdomen tilts forward, the pedipalps extend forward and hang down, the rear abdomen bends upward, and the dorsal pattern is more obvious.

1. Isolate pregnant scorpions that are about to give birth. It is strictly forbidden to raise pregnant scorpions during the birthing period. The reasons are: first, the newly born baby scorpions will be disturbed by other scorpions and it will be difficult for them to climb onto the back of the baby scorpion. The baby scorpions that cannot climb onto the back of the mother scorpion cannot survive; second, the newly born female scorpions will be disturbed by other scorpions and will become restless, crawling back and forth, and dropping the baby scorpions on their backs, thereby reducing the survival rate of the baby scorpions; third, the surviving baby scorpions are in danger of being bitten or eaten by other scorpions. Therefore, a reasonable delivery room should be set up for pregnant scorpions.

2. Delivery room. Common delivery rooms include adobe delivery room, cement board delivery room, wooden nest delivery room and canned bottle delivery room.

Adobe and cement board delivery rooms occupy a small area and have a certain moisture absorption capacity, which can meet the scorpion's requirements for environmental temperature and humidity. However, since the delivery rooms are connected, it is easy to produce the phenomenon of "cross-room", and it is difficult to control mutual interference. The wooden nest delivery room and canning bottle delivery room can overcome the problem of mutual interference between pregnant scorpions. Pregnant scorpions have a quiet environment in these two delivery rooms and can give birth smoothly. This can greatly improve the survival rate of pregnant scorpions, but the wooden nest delivery room is more troublesome to make, so it is best to use a canning bottle delivery room.

Put the prepared uncontaminated fine soil into the bottle to a depth of about 1 cm and tamp it down. Put in 4 to 6 feed insects for the next few offspring to eat.

3. Scorpion birth. When a pregnant scorpion shows signs of labor, it is placed in a delivery room to wait for delivery. It is advisable to put one pregnant scorpion in each delivery room.

When giving birth, the scorpion's legs are bent to support the ground, the front abdomen bulges high, the reproductive opening opens, and small oval white balls shaped like rice grains are produced. These are the baby scorpions. Pregnant scorpions need to rest for a while after giving birth to 4-5 baby scorpions. On average, one litter produces about 25 scorpions, with as few as 10 and as many as 30-40. Some may give birth to more than 60 scorpions.

Newborn scorpions are delicate and milky white in color, which darkens in color after a few days. They shed their skin for the first time on the back of the mother scorpion after about 5 days, and then turn light brown. After 10 days, they can leave the mother's back and live independently.

(VI) Scorpion breeding

1. Separation of mother and child scorpions. When the 2-year-old scorpion leaves the back of the mother scorpion, the large and small scorpions should be separated in time. This is because: first, the female scorpion consumes a lot of physical energy during the birthing period, loses a lot of body fluids, is weak, and urgently needs to find food to replenish. If they are not separated, the female scorpion will attack the young scorpions due to lack of water and food; second, if large and small scorpions are raised together, the adult scorpions will step on the young scorpions when they move; third, the yolk brought by the young scorpions from the mother's body has been consumed, and separate breeding is beneficial for the young scorpions to eat and supplement nutrition; fourth, the requirements of young scorpions and adult scorpions for feed insects are different, and separate breeding is convenient for management.

2. Raising of young scorpions. 2--4 Scorpions in age are called young scorpions. The breeding requirements for this period are as follows: First, when pregnant scorpions enter the delivery period, they must prepare enough small feed worms for young scorpions; Second, young scorpions are in the fastest growth and development stage in their lives, and they must be well-protected. They mainly feed in rotation with small yellow mealworms and small earthen animals. Do not have a single feed; Third, young scorpions have strong climbing ability and quick movements, and pay attention to preventing young scorpions from escaping; Fourth, as young scorpions grow, their bodies gradually grow, and the density of the scorpions becomes higher unknowingly. Pay attention to feeding in separate pools to reduce the density of the scorpions.

3. Raising of young scorpions. Scorpions of age 5 to 6 are young scorpions. In addition to providing sufficient fresh, clean and highly nutritious food at this time, we must seize the opportunity to breed and purify and rejuvenate the breeding of scorpions to lay a good foundation for the next generation of reproduction.

4. Raising of adult scorpions. Adult scorpions are mature and have the ability to mating and reproductive. The following points should be paid attention to during this period: First, increase the number of feed worms and adhere to the principle of "send more and feed less". Especially during the peak feeding period of scorpions between 8 and 11 at night, the scorpions should be given once an hour. Second, reasonably control the ambient temperature and humidity to create a good ecological environment; Third, strengthen the management of scorpions. Excellent adult scorpions can be used as scorpions.

5. Management of scorpions. The management of scorpions is of great significance. Pay attention to the following points: First, prepare sufficient excellent scorpions on time, and the ratio of male scorpions to female scorpions is 1:3, and carefully raise them in a special pond; Second, create appropriate matching conditions so that each female scorpion can conceive; Third, prepare a suitable delivery room before the pregnant scorpions and prepare for the pregnant scorpions before the delivery; Fourth, after the young scorpions go to the ground, they should be separated and raised by mother and son scorpions in time; Fifth, do a good job in fattening and revitalizing the seed scorpions. After the physical condition of the female scorpions is restored, they can invest appropriate amounts of male scorpions to mating in time to lay the foundation for the next reproduction.

6. Enemies of Scorpion and Prevention

The main natural enemies of scorpions are geckos, mice, ants, etc.

1. Tiger

Preventing the harm of geckos is mainly artificially captured. In addition, check the indoor walls frequently and block the holes in time to prevent geckos from entering the room.

2. Rat

The defense of rat damage should be done: clean garbage and other debris frequently to eliminate the hiding place of rats; apply cement floors or lay bricks in the breeding room pool to prevent rats from digging holes.

3. Ants

Ants not only rob the feed insects of scorpions, but also attack and encroach on scorpions, which is more harmful to young scorpions and scorpions that are molting and have not recovered their ability to move.

The following aspects should be paid attention to when preventing ants: First, before building the scorpion pond, the soil layer on the ground should be compacted to prevent ants from entering; Second, all the soil in the scorpion pond should be checked for ants and ant eggs; Third, before the scorpion enters the pond, fumigate the scorpion pond with aluminum phosphide sheets to prevent ant damage.

7. Processing of medicine scorpions

There are two methods for processing finished medicinal scorpions: light whole scorpions and salt whole scorpions.

1. Processing of light scorpion

Light whole scorpion is also called clear water scorpion. Before processing, soak the scorpion to be processed in clean water for about an hour, and gently stir and wash away the dirt on the scorpion, and let the scorpion discharge feces. Take it out and put it in boiling water and cook for about 30 minutes. The water in the pot should be soaked in the scorpion. After it is released, place it on a mat and in a basin to dry it.

2. Processing of salty scorpions

Salty scorpion is also called salt water scorpion. The processing method of salty scorpion is similar to that of light scorpion. The difference is: first boil the water, then add an appropriate amount of salt (0.3 kilograms of salt per kilogram of scorpion), and then put it in the scorpion after the salt dissolves. Salty scorpion can only be dried, not dried. Because the surface of the dried salty scorpion will form a layer of salt cream, and it will be brittle and brittle.

High-quality medicinal finished scorpions should have the following requirements: First, the insect body is dry and the color is positive; Second, the insect body is complete, without shortage of limbs and tails, and no debris; Third, no brine return; Fourth, no salt particles, mud, sand and other debris; Fifth, separation of sizes and sizes, and no confusion.

The finished medicinal scorpion made of medicinal products should not be exposed to the sun, otherwise the insect body will become brittle and easily fragile when touched, which will affect the quality of the finished product.

To preserve finished scorpions, they must be stored in wooden boxes or cartons. Place them in a dry, cool and ventilated place, and check them regularly to prevent rat damage.