CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Fly breeding technology

1. Determination of breeding scale

The size of the breeding scale is determined by the expected daily production. Taking a breeding farm with a daily production of 100 kg of fresh live maggots as an example, the following aspects should be considered when designing the breeding farm:

1. Adult breeding scale According to observation, every 10,000 houseflies can produce 1-1.5 kg of fresh maggots per day during the peak egg-laying period. If 100 kg of fresh maggots are produced per day, 1 million adult flies at the peak egg-laying period need to be raised. Considering the influence of other factors, the breeding scale of one production unit should be at least 2 million. If the elimination and renewal of the breeding flies are also considered, one renewal cycle takes 4 days. Therefore, the breeding fly production scale of two units should be prepared to ensure the continuous supply of egg masses required for the daily production of 100 kg of fly maggots.

2. Area required for raising adults At present, there are two methods for raising adults: room raising and cage raising. The density of adults raised in rooms is preferably 10,000 to 20,000 heads per cubic meter in summer. Too high a density will lead to a relatively reduced feeding area for adults, frequent feed changes, poor indoor air circulation, and inconvenience for personnel operation. If the density is too low, the egg production per unit area is low. If the ventilation conditions are good, the density can be appropriately increased. Cage raising can greatly increase the density of adult breeding. Experiments have shown that 80,000 to 90,000 maggots can be raised per cubic meter under cage conditions. Adults raised in a room of 15 to 20 cubic meters can meet the egg mass required for the daily production of 100 kilograms of maggots.

3. The area required for raising fly maggots: In the case of solid feed, each square meter of breeding area can produce 500 grams of fresh maggots. If 100 kilograms of fresh maggots are produced per day, 200 square meters of breeding area is required. Outdoor breeding mostly adopts flat breeding, which requires 250 square meters of land with walkways, and continuous production of 5 production units requires 1,250 square meters of land. Indoor production mostly adopts three-dimensional breeding. Calculated on a 4-story basis, a 70-square-meter room constitutes a production unit, and 5 production units require a production plant of 350 square meters.

2. Construction of breeding facilities

Whether to build various breeding facilities depends on the breeding method adopted. A complete breeding process includes the breeding of adults, the collection of eggs, the breeding and separation of maggots, etc., involving various facilities.

1. The breeding house is specially used for raising adults. It requires fresh indoor air, a temperature of 24-30 degrees Celsius, a relative humidity of 50%-70%, and more than 14 hours of light per day. Newly built breeding houses should be located away from residential areas, with good light and ventilation. It is best designed as a single-row bungalow facing north and south, with a closed walkway on the north side, which can effectively prevent the escape of adults, buffer the invasion of the north wind in winter, and use indoor insulation. There is an operation room in the middle, with doors on the front and back, and doors on the north side of the fly houses on both sides. The back door of the workshop leads to the walkway, and the south side is a large glass window for lighting. The area of ​​each room is determined according to the scale of breeding, generally 20-40 square meters, equipped with screen doors, screen windows, exhaust fans and heating pipes. If cage breeding is carried out, a three-dimensional breeding rack should be set up indoors.

2. Fly cage making is a necessary facility for caged houseflies. There are many specifications of fly cages, the most common ones are square fly cages with a length, width and height of 50 cm each; 65 cm × 80 cm × 90 cm and 100 cm × 100 cm × 80 cm rectangular fly cages (the actual size should be scientifically designed according to the height of the room, there is no strict requirement). When making, first use thick iron wire, steel bars or bamboo strips to make a skeleton, then cover the surrounding with plastic screens or iron screens, and at the same time leave a 20 cm diameter operating circular hole at the lower corner of one side of the fly cage, and sew a 30 cm long cloth tube at the hole to facilitate feeding, watering and taking and placing the egg-laying pad. When not in use, tie it tightly to prevent the adult flies from escaping. Each fly cage should also be equipped with a feed tray, a water tray and a small porcelain tray for egg-laying objects. In addition, several pieces of nylon gauze can be hung in the middle of the cage to increase the habitat area for adult flies. When in use, fix the fly cage on the frame like hanging a mosquito net, and support the bottom of the cage on a small flat plate. In order to facilitate hanging and dismantling and easy disinfection and cleaning, the four corners of the fly cage can be fixed to the three-dimensional breeding rack with clips or hooks.

3. The maggot breeding room is used for indoor breeding. The room temperature is required to be maintained at 26~35 degrees Celsius and the humidity is 65%~70%. However, the larvae are afraid of light and do not need light, so it is necessary to install blackout curtains. Other indoor breeding facilities are determined according to the breeding method adopted, such as multi-layer breeding racks, maggot breeding basins, maggot breeding boxes, maggot breeding pools, maggot breeding platforms, automated production equipment, heating and control equipment, etc. These facilities are generally placed on both sides, leaving a walking path in the middle, which can fully utilize the space and facilitate operation and management.

4. Maggot breeding plastic shed is used for outdoor heating breeding. The basic structure is similar to the currently promoted off-season vegetable shed. The area and quantity are determined according to the breeding scale. Generally, a small shed of 80 to 130 square meters is used as a production unit. There are two common types of breeding: flat and three-dimensional. There is a door in the east, west, south and north of the shed for ventilation and feeding and unloading. Two exhaust fans are installed above the shed, and a 1-meter-wide walkway is left in the middle and front and back of the shed.

5. The fly maggot separation box is used to separate fly maggots during solid feed breeding. The separation box is designed based on the negative phototropism of the larvae. It is 50 cm long, wide and high, and consists of a screen, a dark room and a lighting part. A strong light is installed on the screen. When separating, place the culture medium mixed with a large number of larvae on the screen, turn on the light source, and stir the culture medium manually. The larvae will drill down when they see the light. Repeat this process until they are separated.

3. Preparation of breeding feed

Feed is the material basis for raising maggots. The feed needed for breeding maggots includes three types: egg-laying feed, adult feed and maggot feed. According to the physical shape of the feed, it can be divided into two types: solid feed and liquid feed.

1. Egg-laying feed is a solid feed used to lure adults to lay eggs, also known as egg-laying material (information material). This type of feed is nutritionally comprehensive and can meet the nutritional needs of adults and fly maggots at the same time. It also has a special fishy smell and has a strong attraction to adults. Commonly used materials include human, livestock and poultry feces, various rotten animal meat and meat processing scraps, such as human feces and urine, pig manure, horse manure, chicken manure, duck manure, etc., dead rats, dead fish, dead chickens, ducks, dead pigs and other animal carcasses, livestock slaughter water and viscera, poultry viscera, fish intestines, etc. Among them, rotten meat has the strongest attraction to adults. When using livestock and poultry feces or artificially prepared fly maggot feed as egg-laying material, spraying 0.03% ammonia water or ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution, human urine, rotten leeks, etc. can significantly increase the attraction to adults.

2. Adult feed Like other animals, adults also need enough egg whites, sugar and water to maintain life and reproduction. Under artificial breeding conditions, artificial feed that can meet these needs must be prepared. Common feed formulas are: 50% milk powder + 50% brown sugar; 50% fish meal paste + 30% white sugar + 20% saccharified fermented wheat bran; 50% maggot powder paste + 30% wine lees + 20% rice bran; 70% maggot paste + 25% wheat bran + 5% brewer's yeast + 90 mg methionine; 60% earthworm paste + 40% saccharified corn flour paste, 80% saccharified corn flour paste + 20% maggot paste. The method of making saccharified paste is: mix flour and water in a ratio of 1:7, heat and cook into a paste, then add 10% saccharified koji or yeast according to the total amount, and saccharify at 60 degrees Celsius for 8 hours. We recommend using 50% milk powder + 50% brown sugar.

3. Maggot feed, also known as maggot culture medium, is divided into two categories: liquid and solid. Liquid feed includes human feces and urine, slaughterhouse blood, artificially prepared liquid feed or biogas slurry, etc. The water content of solid feed is generally controlled at 65%~75%, with sufficient water but no clear water flowing out. Commonly used are agricultural and sideline product scraps and livestock and poultry feces. The former includes wheat bran, rice bran, bean curd residue, soy sauce residue, distiller's grains, sugar tanks, etc., and the scraps of slaughterhouses can be added to improve the palatability of feed. In order to improve the utilization rate of feed, it is best to ferment or saccharify it for 12 hours before use. Feces feed is mostly prepared with livestock and poultry feces such as pig manure, chicken manure, horse manure, cow manure, and human feces and urine. The raw materials are required to be short, fine, and fresh. Before use, two or more feeds should be mixed and piled in proportion, covered with plastic film and fermented for more than 48 hours. The pH value of the fermented feed is between 6.5 and 7.0. If it is too acidic, it can be adjusted with lime, and if it is too alkaline, it can be adjusted with dilute hydrochloric acid. Common manure feed formulas include: 50% chicken manure + 50% pig manure; 30% chicken manure + 70% pig manure; 70% chicken manure + 30% pig manure; 50% pig manure + 30% chicken manure + 20% chopped animal offal.