CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What are the symptoms of wheat virus disease?

1. What are the symptoms of wheat virus disease?

There are three types of wheat virus diseases: 1. Wheat yellow mosaic disease

Symptoms: The disease is serious in winter wheat. After infection, no symptoms are shown before winter. Symptoms only appear in the spring when wheat turns green. Infected plants produce chlorotic stripes on the new leaves after 4-6 leaves. A few heart leaves are twisted and deformed. Later, the chlorotic stripes increase and spread. 2. Wheat yellow mosaic disease, symptoms: mainly yellowing of leaves and dwarfing of plants. 3. Wheat dwarf disease, symptoms: the upper leaves of infected plants have yellow-green stripes, the number of tillers increases, the plants are dwarfed, and they are dwarfed.

2. What are the differences in appearance between broiler chickens and laying hens?

The gonads of laying hens are particularly developed, and they are fed with special laying hen feed, so their egg production rate is very high (over 80%); the egg production rate of broiler chickens themselves cannot reach such a high level, and they tend to gain weight and fatten during breeding, which further affects the productivity of broiler chickens. Therefore, using broiler chickens to replace laying hens is only suitable for farmers, not for factory production.

3. How to prevent intestinal diseases in broiler chickens?

1. High-quality feed. The various nutrients it contains are balanced and easy to digest and absorb. In addition to unbalanced nutrition and poor absorption rate, low-quality feed also contains excessive crude fiber. Because some low-quality raw materials are added, the content of E. coli and Salmonella increases, thus destroying the intestinal environment, damaging the intestinal mucosa and even causing disease.

2. High-quality water source. There should be a good water source. Dirty water will only damage the intestinal environment of chickens, leading to bacterial or functional diarrhea.

3. Change feed regularly. Different feeds need to be changed at different stages of chicken growth. If this process is not done well, it will cause damage to the chicken's intestinal mucosa, resulting in stress diarrhea.

4. Pay attention to hygiene. This is to control the source of disease in the environment, and this process is also very important. Chickens often live in an unsanitary environment, and intestinal diseases are easily induced.

5. Control of respiratory diseases.

4. What are the swine disease No. 5 viruses and their symptoms?

Swine foot-and-mouth disease, also known as swine disease No. 5, is caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus, which manifests as blisters and ulcers on the skin of the hoof crown, between toes, and heel. Some pigs also have similar lesions on the oral mucosa and nasal disc. Treatment should be antiviral and local anti-inflammatory.

Features:

Cattle are most susceptible to swine disease No. 5, but pigs and sheep can also become ill.

Sick animals and infected animals are the main sources of infection. The blister skin and blister fluid are the most contagious, and the excretions (such as feces, urine, milk, saliva, semen, etc.) and exhaled gases of sick pigs can spread the virus. Pigs are most contagious in the early stage of the disease, and recovered pigs can carry the virus for more than 150 days.

It can be transmitted through direct and indirect contact, and can cause infection through the digestive tract, respiratory tract, undamaged mucous membranes, skin, etc. Air is also an important transmission medium. The virus can be spread by the wind 50-100 kilometers away, presenting a long-distance and jump-like outbreak.

Piglets are the most sensitive, and the mortality rate after infection can reach 90%-100%.

It can occur throughout the year, but is more common in winter and spring, and less common or even disappears in the hot summer and autumn seasons. It often occurs in local and pandemic forms.

Clinical symptoms:

Sick pigs are listless, have elevated body temperatures, and have decreased or lost appetite. They also have local redness, swelling, slight fever, and sensitivity on the skin of the hoof crown, hoof fork, hoof heel, snout tip, tongue surface, and oral mucosa. Blisters of varying sizes appear and quickly break. Sick pigs are lame, and some hoof shells are deformed or fall off, making it difficult for them to stand on the ground. Sometimes blisters may also appear on the nipples and breasts of sows. The mortality rate of foot-and-mouth disease in adult pigs generally does not exceed 3%, but in recent years, there have been cases of acute death in the early stages of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in pigs, and pregnant sows may suffer miscarriages. Piglets, especially lactating piglets, do not show obvious symptoms of blisters after being infected, but they may die quickly in a short period of time due to myocarditis and gastroenteritis, with a mortality rate of more than 80%.

Prevention and control measures:

The principles of prevention are "early, fast, strict and small." "Early" means early education, early census and early detection; "Fast" means quick action, quick eradication, quick disinfection and quick immunization; "Strict" means strict implementation of epidemic prevention measures; "Small" means small epidemic points to minimize losses.

Vaccine and immunization: Use the serotype-matched special medicine for swine foot-and-mouth disease, No. 5 Magic Needle, produced by Reps, USA. The injection and immunization time is: one and a half months before farrowing for sows (mainly to protect newborn piglets), September and December every year for boars; 30-40 days after piglets are born; and one more booster for fattening pigs at 100 days of age.

Immediately isolate sick and suspected pigs after foot-and-mouth disease is discovered, strictly blockade and disinfect, and dispose of sick and dead pigs harmlessly

Prevention is mainly based on medication and Chinese medicine mixed with feed; try to avoid injections and being frightened.

(1) Strengthening pig herd immunity:

Strictly follow the immunization procedures to inject various vaccines and keep records to ensure that immunization is in place. Ensure the quality of vaccines, ensure that the procurement, transportation and storage processes of vaccines are standardized, and prevent the possible interruption of the vaccine cold chain, which may cause the quality of vaccines to decline or become ineffective. The diluted vaccines should be placed in a refrigerator and used up within 1 hour. At the same time, do not ignore the vaccination of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines because of summer.

（2）Keep the pig house clean

Regularly disinfect the environment inside and outside the pig house, including the pens, venues, utensils, equipment, drainage channels, air, and the entire body surface of the sow. Special attention should also be paid to the disinfection of some sanitary blind spots, such as pig loading platforms, sewage ditches, manure ditches, manure piles, water storage tanks, troughs, etc. Long-acting disinfectants such as compound aldehydes can be used.

(3) Ensure the freshness of feed

The high temperature and high humidity in summer can easily cause moldy feed, so it is necessary to check the quality of the feed regularly to ensure that it is fresh. Mycotoxin treatment agents and stimuli can be added to the feed. At the same time, the feed trough should be cleaned regularly, and feeding moldy feed is prohibited. [1]

(4) Prevent heat stroke as soon as possible

1. Carry out inspections. Inspections should be carried out between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. If sows are found to have shortness of breath, fever, or other signs of heat stress, measures should be taken immediately. The pigs should be soaked with cold water or given an enema, and the fan should be turned on to blow the pigs to lower their body temperature. Intramuscular injection of 100% fever/100% high fever should be given according to the actual situation. If the pigs are found to be restless, 5 to 10 ml of chlorpromazine should be injected, but the two should not be used together to prevent a sharp drop in body temperature.

2. Use Chinese herbal medicines that can clear away heat and relieve summer heat. Adding Chinese herbal medicines that can stimulate appetite, strengthen the spleen, clear away heat and relieve summer heat, such as Qingresan (30-50 grams), to the feed can alleviate the impact of the hot environment on commercial pigs, improve weight gain and feed utilization, etc.

3. Use heat stress resistance additives. Appropriately increase the dosage of multivitamins, especially increase the amount of VC and VE added, such as special multivitamins. When the temperature exceeds 32°C, add 0.5-1 gram per kilogram of feed to effectively improve the ability to resist heat stress. Adding baking soda to the feed, 0.3% for fattening pigs, 0.4%-0.6% for pregnant pigs and empty pigs, and 0.6%-0.8% for lactating sows and boars, can relieve respiratory acidosis and improve stress resistance. Note that it cannot be added at the same time as VC.

(4) Do a good job in disease prevention for pigs

In view of the frequent diseases in hot seasons, such as sow metritis-mastitis-galactia syndrome, piglet yellow and white diarrhea, coccidiosis, toxoplasmosis, eperythrozoonosis, chlamydia, etc., we should do a good job in pig health care. Antibiotics such as American Reps No. 5 Magic Needle + Doxycycline + Consolid can be used, which can be added from 1 week before to 1 week after sow delivery, 1 week after piglet weaning and 1 week after transfer.

(5) Prevent constipation in pigs

Pigs are prone to constipation in a hot environment, especially pregnant sows. 0.1% magnesium sulfate or 0.3% rhubarb powder can be added to the feed. If conditions permit, an appropriate amount of green feed can be added.

(6) Prevent postpartum infection

1. Ensure good environmental hygiene and disinfection in the farrowing house. Sows must be strictly scrubbed and disinfected before being transferred to the farrowing house. The vulva and udder of the sows should be scrubbed with a compound iodine solution before and after delivery.

2. Reasonable feeding. The sow’s feed should be gradually reduced three days before farrowing. On the day of farrowing, only an appropriate amount of bran and salt water should be fed, and the feed amount should be gradually increased to avoid indigestion and infection.

3. Intravenous injection for sows in labor. After the second piglet is born, intravenous infusion should be started for sows, using 500-1000 ml of 5% glucose saline, 20 ml of Houttuynia cordata, 20 ml of VC, 20 ml of compound VB, and 4 grams of cephalosporin. In the last 100 ml, 3 ml of oxytocin can be added, or diluted cephalosporin can be injected intramuscularly. This has a significant effect on preventing endometritis in sows and increasing milk production.

4. Prevent lactation disorders in postpartum sows. Due to the influence of heat stress, the incidence of lactation disorders in lactating sows is relatively high. Adding milk source to the feed from one week before to one week after delivery can reduce heat stress, increase appetite, effectively promote sow lactation, and increase piglet weaning weight. Intramuscular injection of 2 ml of cloprostenol within 24 hours after sow delivery can promote sow lactation.

Treatment plan for swine disease No. 5:

1. Use the American Reps No. 5 magic needle (foot-and-mouth disease) (swine high-immunity homologous serum) plus dexamethasone intramuscular injection, the cure rate of one injection is 95%. At the same time, amoxicillin plus Qingwen Baidu powder (mixed with feed) has a higher cure rate.

2. Use 2% caustic soda and 1%-2% formalin to spray and disinfect the livestock houses and surrounding areas to avoid spreading of poison.

3. When there is an ulcer in the mouth, apply iodine glycerin mixture 3-4 times a day. Garlic or 10% salt water can also be used. For hoof lesions, wash with disinfectant, apply gentian violet solution or iodine glycerin. Wrap it with a bandage and avoid contact with wetlands.

4. Strengthen feeding management and care for sick animals. Wash the mouth and hoof with salt water, boric acid solution, etc. every day, feed them with wet feed, and add multivitamins, glucose or astragalus polysaccharides to drinking water.

5. How to prevent and control rice virus diseases? What are the methods for preventing and controlling rice virus diseases?

1. Prevention and control strategy[1]: Adopt the prevention and control strategy of “cutting off the source of the disease, controlling pests and controlling diseases” to control the damage caused by stripe leaf blight and black-streaked dwarf disease, while also controlling the stem borer and the chilo suppressalis, laying the foundation for a bumper rice harvest.

2. Time of application: Apply the medicine 3-5 days after transplanting (machine planting); apply the medicine as soon as direct-seeded rice turns green, and apply the medicine for the second time after 5-7 days.

3. Pharmaceutical formula:

①Use 60g of 25% pyrifos + 60ml of 30% thiazolin + 30ml of 2% amino oligosaccharide or 60g of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid mixed with 20-30kg of water for even spraying per mu;

②Use 100 ml of 45% rice poison + 30 ml of 2% amino oligosaccharide or 60 g of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid mixed with 20-30 kg of water per mu and spray evenly;

③Use 15g of 25% pymetrozine + 60ml of 30% thiazolin + 30ml of 2% amino oligosaccharide or 60g of 50% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid mixed with 20-30kg of water for even spraying per mu. III. Precautions 1. To improve the control effect, add 20ml of flusilazole prochloraz, and pay attention to the combination of fast-acting and long-lasting agents, and use different agents alternately;

2. It is necessary to use pesticides for comprehensive prevention and control at a unified time, and use pesticides on weeds along roads, canals and ditches at the same time to ensure the prevention effect;

3. It is prohibited to use highly toxic and high-residue pesticides.

4. Dissolve chlorobromoisocyanuric acid in water first, then add other fungicides and pesticides.

6. How to prevent and control sweet potato virus disease? What are the prevention and control methods for sweet potato virus disease?

Sweet potato virus diseases can be spread through farm tools, aphids, wind and rain, etc., causing large-scale virus infection. Continuous cropping and improper field management will cause severe disease, resulting in a large reduction in sweet potato production.

Essentials of prevention and treatment:

1. Rotate crops reasonably, select disease-free and disease-resistant varieties, and use disinfectants before planting to reduce the spread of bacteria in seed potatoes and cultivate healthy and strong seedlings.

2. After the sweet potatoes emerge, spray the new lipid film 800 times solution in time to protect the plants to isolate the bacteria from infecting and prevent the virus-free seed potatoes from being infected with the virus. Timely control of aphids, whiteflies and other spreading pests to effectively reduce the source of viral diseases in the field.

3. Increase the intensity of field inspections, and remove and destroy diseased plants in a timely manner. Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and spray Diguo Zhuangdiling + Baneda Bika potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves to improve the sweet potato's ability to absorb water and fertilizer, and promote the rapid expansion and development of underground tubers. Ensure sufficient water and fertilizer supply in the field to promote high and high yields of sweet potatoes.

7. What are the symptoms of enteritis caused by broiler viruses?

What are the symptoms of enteritis caused by broiler viruses? Ulcerative enteritis is an acute bacterial infectious disease of broilers caused by Clostridium coli (also known as intestinal Clostridium), characterized by sudden onset and rapid mass death. This disease often occurs concurrently with coccidiosis, or is secondary to coccidiosis, aplastic anemia, infectious bursal disease and stress factors. Under natural conditions, the disease is mainly transmitted through feces. Broilers that die acutely show almost no obvious clinical symptoms. In slightly slower cases, depression, ruffled feathers, and white watery feces can be seen. In cases where the course of the disease lasts for more than 1 week, the sick chickens are weak, emaciated, and have atrophied breast muscles, which can often heal on their own. The gross lesion characteristics of acute dead chickens are obvious hemorrhagic inflammation in the duodenum, and small bleeding spots can be seen in the intestinal wall. In cases with a slightly longer course of the disease, necrosis and ulcers may occur in the small intestine and cecum. The characteristics of early lesions are small yellow lesions with bleeding edges, which can be seen on both the serosal and mucosal surfaces. As the ulcer increases in size, it may take on a lentil-shaped or roughly circular outline, sometimes merging to form large necrotic pseudomembranous plaques. Ulcers may penetrate deep into the mucosa, but older lesions are often more superficial and have raised edges, forming crater-like ulcers. Ulcers in the cecum may have a central depression filled with dark material that is not easily washed away. Ulcers often perforate, leading to peritonitis and intestinal adhesions. Liver lesions vary in appearance, from mild yellowish spotty necrosis to larger irregular necrotic areas at the edge of the liver. The spleen is congested, enlarged, and hemorrhagic. There are no obvious macroscopic lesions in other organs. The prevention of this disease mainly involves regular hygiene work, and the farm and utensils should be disinfected regularly. Feces and bedding should be cleaned frequently and subjected to biothermal disinfection to reduce the spread of pathogens. Avoiding the stimulation of adverse factors such as crowding, overheating, and overeating, and effectively controlling the occurrence of coccidiosis, has a positive effect on the prevention of ulcerative enteritis. Among the drugs, streptomycin, bacitracin, metronidazole, etc. have certain preventive and therapeutic effects on this disease. The preferred drugs are streptomycin and bacitracin, which can be administered by injection, drinking water, and mixed feed. The mixed feed concentration is 0.006% streptomycin and 0.005%-0.01% bacitracin. The mixed drink concentration is 1.5 kg of water per gram of streptomycin, and it is used for 3 consecutive days.

8. What are the conditions for cabbage virus disease to occur? How does cabbage virus disease occur?

Chinese cabbage virus disease, also known as solitary disease or convulsion, is the earliest of the three major diseases of Chinese cabbage. The disease can occur from the seedling stage to the heart stage. When the disease occurs, the leaf bark shrinks and becomes uneven, especially the heart leaf becomes cramped, and yellow-green mosaic symptoms appear. Brown necrotic spots or stripes appear on the leaf veins, and sometimes the leaves tilt to one side. When the plant is severely shortened, it cannot heart. Although it can heart in the middle and late stages of the disease, the necrotic spots inside the leaf head will rot, and even if it does not rot, it loses its commercial value.

These symptoms of Chinese cabbage are caused by virus infection. These viruses can overwinter on the seed epidermis and weeds, and then be spread by aphids. When adverse weather conditions such as high temperature and drought occur after Chinese cabbage is sown, aphids reproduce in large numbers and spread the virus, causing serious disease. Especially before the six-leaf stage of seedlings is the susceptible period of viral diseases, and the earlier the disease occurs, the more serious the damage. Therefore, the key period for the prevention and control of Chinese cabbage virus diseases is the seedling stage and the early growth stage. Aphids must be prevented and controlled in time during these two periods. You can choose 10% cypermethrin 1500 times solution or avermectin and other agents, spray once every 5-7 days, and use it twice in a row to reduce the insect population base. Agricultural prevention and control should not be ignored. One is seed disinfection, and the other is timely removal of weeds to create an environmental condition conducive to plant growth, which can reduce the incidence of the disease.

9. What are the main hazards of cabbage virus disease?

Chinese cabbage virus disease, also known as solitary disease or convulsion, is the earliest of the three major diseases of Chinese cabbage. The disease can occur from the seedling stage to the heart stage. When the disease occurs, the leaf bark shrinks and becomes uneven, especially the heart leaf becomes cramped, and yellow-green mosaic symptoms appear. Brown necrotic spots or stripes appear on the leaf veins, and sometimes the leaves tilt to one side. When the plant is severely shortened, it cannot heart. Although it can heart in the middle and late stages of the disease, the necrotic spots inside the leaf head will rot, and even if it does not rot, it loses its commercial value.

These symptoms of Chinese cabbage are caused by virus infection. These viruses can overwinter on the seed epidermis and weeds, and then be spread by aphids. When adverse weather conditions such as high temperature and drought occur after Chinese cabbage is sown, aphids reproduce in large numbers and spread the virus, causing serious disease. Especially before the six-leaf stage of seedlings is the susceptible period of viral diseases, and the earlier the disease occurs, the more serious the damage. Therefore, the key period for the prevention and control of Chinese cabbage virus diseases is the seedling stage and the early growth stage. Aphids must be prevented and controlled in time during these two periods. You can choose 10% cypermethrin 1500 times solution or avermectin and other agents, spray once every 5-7 days, and use it twice in a row to reduce the insect population base. Agricultural prevention and control should not be ignored. One is seed disinfection, and the other is timely removal of weeds to create an environmental condition conducive to plant growth, which can reduce the incidence of the disease.

10. What is the difference between cucumber virus disease and mite disease?

Both cucumber virus disease and mite disease can cause yellow spots, distortion, and even withering of leaves. A simple way to distinguish them is to check whether there are mites on the back of the leaves.

Cucumber virus disease is a systemic disease caused by virus infection, mainly caused by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and pumpkin mosaic virus. The virus overwinters in the field with perennial perennial plants and residual tissues of diseased plants.

It is divided into (1) mosaic virus disease, (2) wrinkle virus disease, (3) green spot virus disease, and (4) yellowing virus disease.

Cucumber mites, red spiders, feed on the leaves and fruits of indoor plants and important agricultural plants (including fruit trees). It takes about 3 weeks from egg to adult. Adult mites are about 0.5 mm (about 0.02 inches) long and are red, green or brown. They form a loose silk web on the plant, so they are sometimes mistaken for small spiders. When the plant is severely damaged, the leaves fall off completely. The leaves become severely thin and white.