CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Characteristics and life characteristics of carp, and carp breeding methods

Characteristics and life characteristics of carp, and carp breeding methods

1. Appearance characteristics: golden yellow on the sides, flattened on the sides, round abdomen, horseshoe-shaped mouth, long dorsal fin base, and one hard spine on the dorsal and anal fins. 2. Living characteristics: usually swim, live, and forage at the bottom of the water. Occasionally swim to the middle and upper layers to forage in hot weather. Like to live alone in muddy streams, rivers, reservoirs, lakes and other waters. Diet is more varied. Plant food includes tender shoots, rhizomes, and fruits. Animal food includes shrimps, snails, and aquatic insects.

1. Characteristics and life characteristics of carp

1. Appearance characteristics

(1) The sides of the body are golden yellow, the lower lobe of the tail fin is orange-red, the body is laterally flattened, and the abdomen is relatively round.

(2) The mouth is horseshoe-shaped with two pairs of whiskers. The base of the dorsal fin is long, and both the dorsal and anal fins have a thick, serrated spine.

2. Life characteristics

(1) Benthic

Carp generally only live, swim and forage at the bottom of the water. When the temperature is high, they will occasionally swim to the lower or middle layers or the upper and middle layers to forage for food.

(2) Living alone

Carp like to live alone (or in small groups) in muddy streams, rivers, reservoirs, lakes and other waters. When foraging, they will dig for fish eggs and seeds in the humus.

(3) Omnivorous

Carp's food includes young shoots, rhizomes, fruits, etc. of plants, as well as snails, clams, shrimps, and aquatic insects.

(4) Photophobia

Carp hate light and rarely swim to the water surface. They generally like to stay in shaded places such as water plants, tree shades, and stone caves.

(5) Temperature variation

The suitable temperature for carp's survival is 21-27℃, and the critical temperature for feeding is 5-30℃. When the water temperature reaches above 5℃ (or below 30℃), it can maintain a certain appetite.

2. Carp breeding methods

1. Cultivating summer flower seedlings

(1) Prepare the pond

① The pond area should be 1-2 mu (the fish pond should be east-west oriented), the water depth should be about 0.8-1.2 meters, and there should not be too much silt in the pond.

② Clean the pond in the usual way and then disinfect it.

(2) Fertilization and bait raising

① Prepare an appropriate amount of fermented manure, or inorganic fertilizer (phosphate fertilizer and other chemical fertilizers), and apply it into the pond 7-10 days before stocking.

②The application rate of pig manure and cow manure is 150-300 kg/mu, and the application rate of inorganic fertilizer is 5-10 kg/mu. After fertilization, 150 kg of quicklime is used per mu for disinfection.

③ About 7 days after fertilization, the rotifers will enter their peak reproduction period, and the fry will get sufficient food at this time.

(3) Stocking the pond

① Use a fine-mesh net to catch all the wild fish in the pond, and then put in 50-80 silver carp fry to test the water. If the silver carp fry have no abnormal reaction, you can start releasing carp fry, with a release rate of 100,000-250,000 fry per mu.

② When fertilizer is insufficient, the fry can be released directly, but after release, the fry will not be able to eat enough bait, which will cause the fry to be weak and reduce the survival rate.

(4) Fish pond management

① Timely feeding: The fry will grow rapidly in the first few days of stocking, but after a period of time, the natural bait in the pond will decrease. At this time, it is necessary to replenish the bait in time. 2-4 kg of soybeans and 3-5 cooked egg yolks can be used per acre of pond every day. After grinding into slurry, it can be sprinkled and fed.

② Top dressing and watering: Fertilize once every 3 days after stocking to promote the reproduction of rotifers, or add some water drawn from the adult fish pond to the nursery pond every day (the weekly water change volume is 1/3-1/2).

③ Observe carefully: Strengthen patrols, observe the activities, feeding, growth and water quality changes of the fry, and raise them in different ponds after the fry reach a certain size.

2. Breeding small fish fry

(1) Monoculture

① The pond area should be 2-4 mu, and the water depth should be about 1-1.5 meters. After disinfection, 3,000-6,000 fish can be placed per mu of pond.

② During the breeding period, compound feed can be fed, or bean cake, silkworm pupae and fish meal can be mixed together for feeding. The feeding frequency is 8-12 times/day, and the feeding rate is 5-8%.

③Note that the protein content in the feed must exceed 35%.

(2) Polyculture

① Mix carp summer flower with other fish species for breeding, for example, carp as the main species and silver carp as the supplement.

② If the fish species in the pond are mainly carp, it is necessary to increase the feeding of feed. If they are mainly silver carp, the water quality should be properly cultivated. If they are mainly grass carp, the amount of carp released should be reduced.

(3) Feeding and management

① After the fry have passed the early stage smoothly, they can be fed with complete feed.

② Feeding should be done at a fixed time, with fixed location, quality and quantity, and should be carried out according to the feeding habits of the fish species.

③ Add water regularly, pay attention to the fish conditions, disease and local climate, carry out "three patrols and four inspections" in the morning, noon and evening, and do a good job in flood prevention and escape prevention at other times.

3. Farming adult fish

(1) Mainly carp

① There is no strict requirement for the size of the pond, but the water depth should be 1.2-1.5 meters. Carp of different sizes can be released in batches so that they can be caught and released in rotation.

② Mainly feed compound feed, which can be fed 4-6 times a day, and the protein content in the feed is required to exceed 30% (feeding rate is 3-8%).

③Manage according to the traditional key points of water, seeds, bait, wheels, prevention, management, density and mixing, and then maintain according to the new policy of "superior seeds, fine feed, good water and meticulous management".

(2) Raising carp

① If the main fish to be raised is spotted forktail tuna, the stocking amount of forktail tuna is 60%, the stocking amount of carp is 10%, and the stocking amount of silver carp and bighead carp is 30%.

② If crucian carp is the main species, the stocking amount of crucian carp is 60%, the stocking amount of carp is 10%, the stocking amount of silver carp is 20%, and the stocking amount of grass carp is 10%.

③ If silver carp is mainly raised, the stocking amount of silver carp is 50%, the stocking amount of carp is 15%, the stocking amount of grass carp, bighead carp and crucian carp is 30% (this method can be used in ponds with richer water).

④ If grass carp or bighead carp is mainly raised, the stocking amount of grass carp or bighead carp is 60%, the stocking amount of carp is 15%, and the stocking amount of silver carp and crucian carp is 25% (this method can be used in places with good water sources and abundant grass).

Reproduction of red carp

Wuyuan purse red carp is a unique fish species, with a small head and short tail, high back and round belly, which looks like a purse, hence the name. According to legend, during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Yu Maoheng (from Tuochuan, Wuyuan), the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Revenue, retired and returned to his hometown. Emperor Shenzong, in recognition of his meritorious service in "patrolling on behalf of the emperor", specially selected several red carps from the imperial pond as a reward, which were later introduced to the people for breeding. Due to the excellent water quality and suitable climate in Wuyuan, it gradually formed a special species.

In 1958, the county established the Hebao Red Carp Farm. After 20 years of purification and rejuvenation, the fish reached the original breeding standards. In 1980, the experts invited by the State Administration of Fisheries invited the Wuyuan Hebao Red Carp Farm to research and breed the Hebao Red Carp as a national freshwater fine fish. In 1981, the farm won the first prize in science and technology awarded by the State Administration of Fisheries.

The protein content of red carp is 20.10/100 and the fat content is 2.67/100. The meat is tender and delicious, making it a delicacy for banquets. In 1985, Diaoyutai State Guesthouse included red carp in state banquets, which was praised by foreign heads of state.