CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to breed mandarin fish?

1. Living habits

Mandarin fish is a typical carnivorous fish. When feeding artificially, it can be fed with dead fish, dead shrimp, etc. Male mandarin fish mature at the age of three, and female mandarin fish mature at the age of four. Its growth rate is relatively fast, and its weight can reach 50-100 grams in the first year, about 0.5 kilograms in the second year, and 1-1.5 kilograms in the third year.

2. Pond conditions

The pond area is generally 2-4 mu, the water depth is about 2 meters, it is mainly rectangular, the water quality is fresh, there is little or no bottom mud, and the drainage and oxygenation equipment is complete.

3. Bait fish cultivation

The types of bait fish for osmanthus fish in ponds include silver carp, bighead carp, dace, wheat dace, Thai dace, crucian carp, carp, etc. The bait coefficient is generally 4 to 5. According to the growth specifications and food intake of osmanthus fish, a pond 3 to 4 times larger than the area of ​​osmanthus fish pond is used to cultivate and produce sufficient bait fish to feed osmanthus fish.

Early bait fish: 1-2 million fish fry (fish flowers) of silver carp, bighead carp, ling, wheat ling, Thai ling, crucian carp, etc. should be stocked per mu in the pond where osmanthus fish is to be stocked as early bait fish for osmanthus fish. Feed them with roughage such as peanut bran and wheat bran, and after 15-20 days of cultivation, when the bait fish grow to 1.5-2.5 cm in length, use 0.7ppm copper sulfate and 0.5ppm strong chlorine to kill insects and disinfect, and then put in 2-3 cm osmanthus fish fry for cultivation.

Mid-term bait fish: 200,000 to 300,000 fry of local carp, wheat carp, Thai carp and other fish can be raised per acre in the four major carp ponds. You can also cultivate fry of silver carp, bighead carp, crucian carp and other fish in special ponds as bait fish for large-sized osmanthus fish.

Bait fish for later stage: In addition to self-production and self-sufficiency, you can also purchase from outside. In the later stage of breeding, it is generally winter, and the bait fish of dace are easy to freeze to death. You should cultivate and prepare some cold-sensitive bait fish such as silver carp, bighead carp, and crucian carp to overwinter and use them as backup bait fish for sweet-scented osmanthus fish in winter and spring.

4. Stocking of Mandarin Fish

When raising mandarin fish alone, 800 to 1,000 mandarin fish of 8 to 10 cm in size can be placed per mu. Some fast-breeding fish can also be mixed in the mandarin fish pond as live feed. Generally, 200 to 400 pairs of tilapia broodstock or 60 two-winter crucian carp are placed per mu. Use a sparse net to divide the fish pond into two halves, and raise mandarin fish on one side.

While fishing, other fish are raised so that the young fish can pass through the dense nets and become food for the mandarin fish. At the same time, the activities of the mandarin fish may hinder the peaceful reproduction of other fish.

5. Feeding and Management

1. Feeding: Feed fish at intervals. In the early and late stages of breeding, feed once every 7 to 10 days, and in the middle stage, feed once every 5 days or so. The ratio of mandarin fish to bait fish should be maintained at 1:5 to 10. Too few bait fish will affect the feeding and growth of mandarin fish, while too many bait fish will easily cause lack of oxygen and floating, which is not good for the growth of mandarin fish.

2. Water quality management: Add new water frequently, especially from June to September, add new water every 5 to 7 days, 15 to 20 cm each time, to keep the pool water fertile, active, refreshing and tender, and promote the healthy growth of mandarin fish. Submerged plants such as Vallisneria and Hydrilla verticillata can be planted around the pool to provide a hiding place for fish and purify the water quality. Sprinkle quicklime water once every 15 to 20 days, 15 to 20 kg each time. Open the aerator in a timely and reasonable manner to increase the dissolved oxygen content in the pool water to prevent fish from lacking oxygen. At the same time, some oxygenators should be prepared for rescue when fish lack oxygen and float to the surface.

Mandarin fish, also known as Guiyu and Jihuayu, belongs to the order Perciformes, genus Siniperca, with a relatively high and laterally flattened body and a bulging back. It has a large mouth, with the lower jaw significantly longer than the upper jaw. There are small teeth of varying sizes on the upper and lower jaws, the vomer, and the operculum. The rear edge of the preoperculum is serrated, with four large spines on the lower edge. There are two large spines on the rear edge of the postoperculum. The head is scaly, and the scales are small. The lateral line bends upward along the dorsal arc. The dorsal fin is divided into two parts, connected to each other, with hard spines in the front and soft fin rays in the back. The body is yellow-green, the abdomen is grayish white, and there are irregular dark brown spots and patches on the sides of the body. There is a narrow black stripe from the tip of the snout through the eye socket to the front and bottom of the dorsal fin.

1. Pond cleaning and disinfection must be thorough

First, lower the water depth to 30-50 cm, and use 40-50 kg of crushed tea cake per mu, soak overnight, and then spray the whole pond. At the same time, use 10 kg of bleaching powder or 0.5-1.0 kg of strong chlorine per mu to spray the whole pond to kill wild fish, shrimp, insects and other harmful organisms and pathogenic microorganisms. After 3-5 days, drain the pond water, and use 100-150 kg of quicklime (water solution) per mu to spray the whole pond for disinfection and improvement of the bottom quality, and adjust the pH value of the aquaculture pond water.

2. Prepare enough bait fish

The types of bait fish for osmanthus fish in ponds include silver carp, bighead carp, dace, dace, crucian carp, carp, etc. The bait coefficient is generally 4-5. According to the growth specifications and food intake of osmanthus fish, a pond 3-4 times larger than the area of ​​osmanthus fish pond is used to cultivate and produce sufficient bait fish to feed osmanthus fish.

1. Early bait fish: 1-2 million fish fry (fish flowers) of silver carp, bighead carp, ling, wheat ling, Thai ling, crucian carp, etc. should be stocked per mu in advance in the pond where the sweet-scented osmanthus fish is to be stocked as early bait fish for the sweet-scented osmanthus fish. Feed them with roughage such as peanut bran and wheat bran. After 15-20 days of cultivation, when the bait fish grow to 1.5-2.5 cm in length, use 0.7ppm copper sulfate and 0.5ppm strong chlorine to kill insects and disinfect, and then put in 2-3 cm sweet-scented osmanthus fish fry for cultivation.

2. Mid-term bait fish: 200,000 to 300,000 fry of local carp, wheat carp, Thai carp and other fish can be raised per acre in the four major carp ponds. You can also cultivate silver carp, bighead carp, crucian carp and other fish fry in special ponds as bait fish for large-sized osmanthus fish.

3. Late-stage bait fish: In addition to self-production and self-sufficiency, you can also purchase from outside. In the late stage of breeding, it is generally winter, and the bait fish of the dace are easy to freeze to death. You should cultivate and prepare some cold-resistant species such as silver carp, bighead carp, and crucian carp to overwinter and use them as backup bait fish for osmanthus fish in winter and spring.

3. Select and breed good seedlings

1. Seedling selection: The quality of seedlings is related to the success of osmanthus fish farming. The requirements for stocking seedlings are: healthy and disease-free, vigorous, evenly shaped and full, vigorous in feeding, uniform in size, and free of deformities. It is best to choose good varieties that have been selected and rejuvenated. If conditions permit, virus testing can be carried out in advance to ensure that seedlings that do not carry iridovirus are stocked. The size of the stocked osmanthus fish fry should preferably be 1-1.5 times that of the bait fish.

2. Seedling cultivation: Before seedlings are placed, the fry should be disinfected and sterilized. The conventional method is to soak the fry in 60ppm formaldehyde for 10-15 minutes. During the cultivation period, sufficient and palatable bait fish must be fed and disease prevention measures must be strengthened. Generally, 0.7ppm copper sulfate, 100g insecticide/mu•m or 100g quick-acting insecticide/mu•m are exchanged for insecticide every 3-5 days. 0.5ppm strong chlorine or 0.5 Kangfeng type chlorine dioxide/mu•m is used for water disinfection 1-2 days after each insecticide. After 25-30 days of cultivation, 2-3cm sweet-scented osmanthus fry can grow to 8-10cm pond farming specifications.

4. Feeding and management of adult fish

The key to healthy pond farming of sweet osmanthus fish lies in controlling the stocking density of sweet osmanthus fish and mixed fish, strengthening the control and management of water quality regulation, feeding and disinfection of bait fish, and disease prevention and control.

1. Stocking density: The appropriate stocking density is 1000-1500 tails/mu, and should not exceed 2000 tails/mu. Avoid excessive density causing residual bait and excrement to pollute the water quality, affect the stability of water quality, breed bacteria, and cause frequent fish diseases.

2. Mixed culture of scavenging and filter-feeding fish: In order to reduce the pollution of residual bait and feces, some scavenging and filter-feeding fish should be appropriately mixed. 40-50 silver carp and bighead carp, and 100 crucian carp should be raised per mu.

3. Feeding and disinfection of bait fish: The bait fish varieties are mainly dace, dace and silver carp, and the quality should be fresh, free of pollution, pathogens, residual bait in the body, and no corruption and deterioration. The feed fish should be sufficient and palatable for a long time to avoid the osmanthus fish being full and hungry at times, which affects the physique and growth rate. Before each batch of bait fish is put into the pond for feeding, it must be disinfected by drug immersion. Choose 3% to 4% salt water, 20 mg/L copper sulfate or 50 mg/L potassium permanganate and other drugs to immerse and disinfect the bait fish for 10 to 20 minutes to prevent pathogens from being brought into the osmanthus fish pond with the feed fish.

4. Water quality control and management: Water quality is the medium for fish to survive. The favorable or harmful physical and chemical factors in the water directly affect their growth. Good water quality can not only promote the growth of sweet-scented osmanthus fish, but also improve the disease resistance of fish, reduce the occurrence of fish diseases, and thus reduce the use of drugs. Strengthen the control of water quality to ensure that the water quality of the pond meets the basic requirements of "fat, active, tender and refreshing". In rainy weather, extend the oxygenation time at night. It is best to turn on the aerator before 8 pm to 8 am the next day.

5. Harvesting, transporting and selling adult fish

Generally, after 4-6 months of breeding, the sweet-scented osmanthus fish can grow to a weight of 500 grams. In order to ensure the safety of commercial fish, it must be taken off for more than 40 days before it can be caught and sold. During transportation and sales, 3‰ salt can be used for disinfection, and 1-2 kg of ginger slices can be added to each cubic meter of water in the temporary holding pond to inhibit the occurrence of saprolegniasis.

Mandarin fish, also known as Aohua fish and Mandarin fish, is a carnivorous, scaly fish belonging to the family of Limulidae in taxonomy. Mandarin fish has a flat body, a bulging back, a thick body and a pointed head. It is one of the "four famous freshwater fishes" in my country. Mandarin fish has tender meat, few bones and a lot of meat. Its meat is petal-shaped and delicious, making it a top-quality fish. The famous poem written by Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Zhihe in his "Fisherman's Song" "White egrets fly in front of Xisai Mountain, peach blossoms flow in the water and mandarin fish are fat" praises this fish.

Seedling cultivation is the basis of mandarin fish farming. Unlike other freshwater fish, seedling cultivation cannot be directly fed with commercial feed or cultivated with fertilizer and water methods in ponds. Therefore, the quality of seedling cultivation technology is directly related to the level of farming benefits.

Mandarin fish usually live alone, which is also a common feature of almost all carnivorous fish. Mandarin fish has a strong adaptability to water temperature and is distributed in water systems in both the north and south of China. Mandarin fish live near the bottom of rivers, lakes and rivers with clear water, and especially like to hide behind rocks at the bottom of the water or in lush grass. In the autumn and winter when the water temperature is low, they hibernate in deep water. When the water temperature rises in spring, they gradually swim to the water grass near the shore where there is abundant food to look for food. Mandarin fish are mainly active at night, and usually lie in the cracks of rocks, tree roots, and bottom pits during the day, and are less active. Mandarin fish eat very carefully. After swallowing fish and shrimp, they will spit out fish bones and shrimp shells, leaving only the meat in their stomachs. This unique feature is rare among other carnivorous fish.