CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What are the key technologies for artificial breeding of Rana sylvatica?

What are the key technologies for artificial breeding of forest frogs?

Six key techniques to master in raising forest frogs. 1 Hatching management The first is the selection of egg masses. Generally, egg masses produced within 2 days are selected and placed in a disinfected hatching pool. Unfertilized egg masses are removed to improve the hatching rate. The density of egg masses during the hatching process should not be too large. For example, when the water source is sufficient, 10 to 15 egg masses/m2 are charged according to labor. The egg masses should be evenly distributed in the hatching pool. The second is the temperature of the hatching pool. The temperature includes air temperature and water temperature. It is the most direct external condition affecting the hatching of frog eggs. The higher the temperature, the faster the embryonic development speed and the shorter the hatching period. On the contrary, the slower the embryonic development speed and the longer the hatching period. However, during the hatching process of forest frog eggs, the temperature requirements for each stage of embryonic development are different. The water temperature is kept above 6°C in the early stage of egg mass hatching, and the water temperature is kept between 16 and 24°C in the middle and late stages. Due to the different temperatures in the early and late stages, the water temperature can be adjusted by covering with plastic film and irrigating with water to ensure that the frog eggs develop normally at a suitable temperature. The water quality is the second. The water quality of the hatching pool should be kept fresh, not turbid, without sediment, and pollution. Because the mixed sand in the water will pollute the egg mass, resulting in "water eggs" and reducing the hatching rate, so it is necessary to ensure that the hatching pool is neutral and fresh. 2 Tadpole Cultivation 2.1 Tadpole Density The density of tadpoles can be larger in the first two weeks of tadpole cultivation. As the age increases, the density can be gradually reduced. The method of artificial evacuation and sub-tank is used to reduce the stocking density. The general stocking density is: 2000-3000/m2 for 1-15 days of age, 1500-2000/m2 for 15-25 days of age, and 500-1000/m2 from 25 days of age to metamorphosis. If the density is too high, the tadpoles will grow slowly, the survival rate will be low, and the physique will be weak, which will affect the survival rate of the metamorphosis froglets. 2.2 Feed When the tadpoles have eaten their own egg membranes, they can be fed with starter feed. Generally, cooked egg yolks or soy milk are used as starter feed. Wrap the cooked egg yolk with two layers of gauze and shake it slowly in the pool water. The egg yolk will dissolve in the water and the tadpoles can eat freely. In the future, feed the tadpoles with artificial compound feed as appropriate, depending on their feeding situation. It is best to feed them with nothing left after 2 hours or with little leftovers. When the tadpoles grow to 20 days, add animal feed to meet their growth and development needs. 2.3 Water quality and water temperature Good water quality has a direct impact on the growth and development of tadpoles. Cold water, pollution, and high mineral content are all very unfavorable to the growth and development of tadpoles, which will hinder the development of embryos and the formation of various organs. The excrement and other impurities of tadpoles will also change the color of the water. If this is found, drain the pool water immediately and inject new water. In the early stage of tadpoles, inject new water once every 5 days and spray the water surface with 0.3mg/mL bleaching powder solution. In the later stage, use the method of single irrigation to lower the water temperature. The water temperature cannot exceed 24℃. If the air temperature and water temperature are high, water changes and shade should be adopted to lower the water temperature of the pool. Otherwise, tadpoles are prone to various symptoms and even die in severe cases. 3 Tadpole metamorphosis Tadpoles enter the metamorphosis period after growing to 30 days. At this time, the metamorphosed tadpoles should be moved to the metamorphosis pool in the forest frog circle in time to avoid the phenomenon of young frogs escaping due to late transfer. The forest frog circle should be surrounded by two layers of inner and outer walls with plastic or other materials, that is, one layer for the small circle and one layer for the overall frog farm to prevent the forest frog from escaping. During this period, management should be strengthened and breeding should be done carefully. Because the transformed young frogs are more than half lighter than the metamorphosis precursors, and they do not eat during metamorphosis, and their energy consumption is large. If they are not managed well, the young frogs will not be strong and the mortality rate is very high. Management during the metamorphosis period: First, ensure that there is enough water in the metamorphosis pool and keep the water temperature below 28℃ to avoid high temperature causing the death of metamorphosed young frogs; second, continue to feed the tadpoles. Tadpoles that have not entered the metamorphosis period need to continue to take in food, and sufficient food must be supplied. 4 Disease prevention and control Captive forest frogs suffer from different diseases at different stages. When raising them, we must adopt a comprehensive approach of prevention as the main method and combining prevention and control. 4.1 Tadpole period When tadpoles are raised for 18 to 20 days, they are prone to gas bubble disease due to high temperature, maximum food intake, and excessive gas in the water. The prevention and control method is: during the tadpole cultivation period, new water is frequently injected into the pond, disinfection is performed once every 5 days, and excessive feed is not fed. When gas bubble disease is found, new water is immediately injected or the tadpoles are moved to a clean water pond; secondly, 3g of salt mixed with water is sprinkled per cubic meter of frog pond to prevent and control this disease. 4.2 The period of young and adult frogs is mainly in the summer breeding period. Because the enclosure is overgrown with weeds, cool and humid, and the breeding density is high, there is surplus feed, which allows various bacteria to breed and multiply. Therefore, it is necessary to disinfect frequently when breeding forest frogs to prevent forest frogs from getting sick. During this period, forest frogs mainly suffer from diseases such as red leg disease, skin rot, and enteritis, and the mortality rate is relatively high. Preventive measures: Thoroughly disinfect the frog enclosure once before stocking it in summer. Disinfectants such as bleaching powder can be used. Disinfect the frog enclosure with 0.7×10-6 potassium permanganate or 1-2×10-6 bleaching powder solution every half month during the summer feeding period. At the same time, mix 0.5g of enhanced sulfamethoxazole into 1000g of insects every month and feed them for 3 consecutive days to prevent frog enteritis. Spray and disinfect the mealworm breeding site with 0.3×10-6 bleaching powder solution once every half month to prevent frogs from eating infected insects. Disinfection facilities are installed at the entrance of the frog enclosure. Disinfection is required before entering the frog enclosure. Outsiders are not allowed to visit. 5 Wintering management The wintering period of frogs in the northeast region of Kanto is as long as 6 months. Although frogs do not need to be fed during this period, the management of wintering frogs cannot be ignored, otherwise various unexpected situations will occur, resulting in the death of a large number of frogs.

At present, there are two main methods of artificial breeding of forest frogs: closed ditch breeding and intensive breeding.

Closed ditch aquaculture can be divided into two types: one is open aquaculture, which is commonly known as closed ditch aquaculture; the other is semi-closed, semi-open aquaculture, that is, semi-artificial aquaculture.

Intensive farming is also divided into two types, namely fenced farming and fully enclosed farming.

I have two wood frogs. . I raise them for fun, how can I keep them alive?

Chinese forest frog (Rana chensinensis), commonly known as Hasima frog, yellow toad, oily toad, red-bellied frog, is an amphibian with extremely high economic value. The dried oviduct of its female frog is a well-known precious Chinese medicinal material-hasima oil, also known as frog oil or toad oil. Forest frog is also a famous nourishing health food. It is a precious frog species that can be used as food and medicine. It has obvious functions such as moistening the lungs and nourishing yin, nourishing the kidneys and improving essence, nourishing the brain and improving intelligence. Frog oil contains 56.3% protein, 3.5% fat, 4.7% minerals, 27.5% nitrogen-free organic matter, and contains 18 kinds of amino acids and multiple trace elements necessary for the human body. It is a health product suitable for both men and women. Forest frog meat is tender and delicious. The dried frog meat contains 79% protein, which is a delicious dish at banquets.

Chinese forest frogs are widely distributed in the northern provinces of my country, with the three northeastern provinces as the main production areas, including Qingyuan, Xinbin, Hengren, Xifeng in Liaoning, Huadian, Shulan, Jiaohe, Fusong, Antu, Panshi, Changbai, Dunhua in Jilin, and Wuchang, Shangzhi, Ning'an and other counties in Heilongjiang. In addition to the three northeastern provinces, there are also forest frogs in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Hubei, and Jiangsu, but their quality is far inferior to that of Changshan forest frogs.

Here is an introduction to the ecological breeding model of forest frogs

Now, there are many ecological breeding models, among which the most successful, economically valuable and socially beneficial one is to breed Chinese forest frogs in orchards (grapes, loquats, bananas, lychees, etc.), tea gardens and nurseries. Breeding in orchards, using the natural shading effect of the orchard to shade the forest frogs, using escape-proof nets or escape-proof walls around the orchard to prevent the forest frogs from escaping and the entry of harmful organisms, and then releasing the metamorphosed young frogs into the orchard. Forest frogs can eliminate harmful organisms for fruit trees and meet their growth needs.

Recycling of raw materials in the process of frog bait breeding: Wheat bran is mainly used for breeding mealworms. The nutritional value of mealworm feces is several times higher than that of the original wheat bran. After simple fermentation and disinfection, it is mixed with other feeds to achieve better pig breeding effects; pig manure produced by pig breeding is used to breed maggots; pig manure decomposed by maggots is used to breed earthworms; and the feces discharged by earthworms is used as fertilizer for fruit trees. In such a breeding process, the raw materials of feed are fully recycled, which is the main way to reduce breeding costs and is an ideal ecological agriculture and green agriculture.

It is best to use biological pesticides when controlling pests and diseases in orchards, which will not harm forest frogs. Since forest frogs feed on live insects, the application of pesticides in orchards to kill pests will not affect forest frogs. In the north of the Yangtze River, you can choose to grow grass in fast-growing forests (poplars) to feed herbivorous animals (geese, rabbits, cattle, sheep, etc.), and raise forest frogs in fast-growing forests. In the south of the Yangtze River, you can choose to raise forest frogs in evergreen orchards. It is best to choose fruit tree varieties with prospects for deep processing and development (such as loquat leaves and cores can be made into "loquat cough syrup"). South China and Southwest China can take advantage of hilly and mountainous areas to develop oil tea (camellia oil will be an agricultural product for export and foreign exchange), and combine three-dimensional planting and breeding.

The breeding and management technology of Chinese forest frog

1. Wintering management of forest frogs

When the outside temperature drops below 10℃, the forest frog's activities decrease and it no longer feeds. As the temperature gradually drops, the forest frog begins to hibernate. There are two ways for forest frogs to hibernate: one is to hibernate directly on land, and the other is to hibernate in water. When hibernating directly on land, the site should be covered with dead grass, rubble, etc. The frog can hibernate in the cracks of the soil, under the dead grass and rubble. The frog site should be watered frequently to keep the soil moist. This wintering method is relatively simple, and forest frogs can hibernate safely in southern regions. Wintering in water can be done indoors or outdoors. After the frog enters the hibernation period, it will not eat or move. In the water, it can meet its own oxygen consumption needs by breathing through the skin. Tree roots, rubble, etc. should be placed in the wintering pool for forest frogs to hide. The pool water should be kept fresh, and the water should be changed and disinfected regularly. At the same time, the area around the pool should be kept quiet, and the forest frogs should not be disturbed to affect hibernation. This wintering method is relatively safe, and forest frogs can safely winter even in extremely cold weather

The fully artificial breeding of Chinese forest frogs is based on the biological characteristics of forest frogs. Under artificial conditions, the ecological environment conditions under the forest are simulated. The egg laying, hatching, tadpole rearing, tadpole metamorphosis, young frogs, adult frog rearing and wintering are all carried out under artificial conditions. Fence breeding of Chinese forest frogs requires less investment, and the ecological environment conditions of forest frogs are similar to the ecological environment under the forest of free-range forest frogs in the mountains. The frogs are strong and the recovery rate is also high.

Compared with the natural free-range forest frogs, the fenced fully artificially cultivated forest frogs have a 10.2% increase in weight, a 5.1% increase in body length, a 9.6% increase in fresh oil weight, and an 8.1% increase in the number of eggs. The egg hatching rate is 98%, the metamorphosis rate is 85%, and the recovery rate is 51.2%, while the recovery rate of the natural free-range forest frogs is less than 10%, and the recovery rate has increased by more than 5 times.

(I) Construction of frog farm

1. Selection of location for frog farm

Fenced breeding of wood frogs. Frog farms can be set up in the forest, or in the courtyard or open field. Considering the ecological habits and production costs of wood frogs, if the frog farm is set up in the forest, it is better to set it up on a hillside or open field that is sheltered from the wind and facing the sun. The frog farm must have sufficient water sources and good water quality to ensure the living water of wood frogs during the breeding period and tadpole period. Water is also the best place for wood frogs to hibernate. The soil of the frog farm is good, retaining water and fertilizer, without water leakage, and good ventilation. Fertile soil is conducive to the growth of plants in the frog farm and the reproduction of natural insects.

2. Construction of breeding farms

The main facilities of the Chinese forest frog breeding farm are the breeding farm, the frog farm, also known as the frog pen, the hibernation place and the feed production room. The breeding farm is a place for the forest frog to lay eggs, hatch eggs, raise tadpoles and metamorphose. The frog pen is a place for raising young frogs and adult frogs.

(1) Breeding farm

It can be built inside the frog enclosure or outside the frog nursery near the frog nursery. The tadpole breeding pond should be built in a place that is sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with flat terrain, water-free soil, sufficient water source, and convenient drainage and irrigation. It should be east-west oriented, 10 meters long, 2 meters wide, 60 centimeters deep, with a sloped wall and a water depth of 20-30 centimeters. If it leaks, you can lay a plastic sheet and then drain the water. There should be an inlet and outlet. It can also be used as a spawning pool and hatching pool

In order to extend the growth period of frogs in a year, shorten the production cycle of forest frogs, and produce commercial frogs earlier, the breeding site can be built in a plastic greenhouse. In order to reduce production costs, plastic films can also be covered on various breeding pools, like rice seedlings, to form an arch. This will enable forest frogs to lay eggs earlier, shorten the incubation time and tadpole rearing time, and metamorphosed young frogs can enter the frog nursery earlier, thereby increasing the growth and development time of forest frogs.

(2) Frog enclosure

That is, using plastic film, bricks, galvanized sheets, and asbestos tiles to enclose the area where young and adult frogs are raised to prevent the forest frogs from escaping, that is, building an escape-proof wall. In some places, a large frog pen is built, divided into several partitions in the middle, and frogs are raised in different areas; in some places, bricks are used to build many small ponds that are not connected to each other to raise adult and young frogs. The practices vary from place to place and are adapted to local conditions.

Fences are escape prevention facilities. Permanent or simple fences can be built according to the economic conditions of the frog-bearing farmer. Permanent fences can be made of bricks or stones, or made of solid building materials such as fiberglass, cement prefabricated panels, and zinc plates. The wall is 1 meter high, and a 12-15 cm groove is built inward on the top of the wall. The inner wall of the wall is smoothed with cement. The middle is divided into several small frog fields with simple materials. Each circle has an area of ​​30 square meters and can raise 10 young frogs and about 2,000 adult frogs.

Simple fences can be made by using plastic film to enclose the frog farm. The cost is low, but it is not durable. The method is: a wooden stake is erected every 2 meters on the ground. The above-ground part of the stake is 1 meter high and tilted inward at an angle of 250 degrees. The underground part of the stake is buried 15 cm in the soil layer and compacted. The stakes are connected with horizontal bars. The plastic film is fixed on the stakes, and the bottom of the plastic film is compacted with soil. The top is made into an inward-facing eaves 1 cm long. The joints of the plastic film are sealed with plastic tape.

For the enclosure breeding of Rana sylvatica, the ratio of land area to pond area is 10:1 for the juvenile stage and (15-20L1 for the adult stage.

Plant broad-leaved trees or tall, large-leaved plants and creeping plants around the frog enclosure. The frog garden should be covered with weeds or piled with sorghum stalks and corn stalks, which can provide shade and sun protection and be conducive to the habitat and activities of forest frogs. You can also use crop straw, grass lotus seeds, branches, etc. to build a low shade shed to prevent direct sunlight from shining on the frog body and keep the environment humid. In short, the frog enclosure should try to simulate the ecological environment conditions of forest frogs living under the forest.

(3) Construction of water facilities

Tap water, well water or unpolluted river water can be used. The water source is sufficient and the water injection is convenient, which can meet the water needs of the forest frog during the breeding stage at any time. Although the young frogs do not live in water, they must live on moist land. When the humidity is insufficient, it is necessary to replenish the humidity in time to keep it above 70% to ensure that the forest frog can breathe normally. For this purpose, sprinkler irrigation facilities can be installed in the frog field, and sprinkler irrigation or artificial rainfall can be carried out during dry weather, or water can be sprayed with a watering can.

(4) Construction of feed production plant

It is a place specially used for breeding mealworms, maggots or earthworms. It can be used in unused rooms with slight modifications according to the requirements of feed production. Please refer to the chapter on feed production.

(5) Construction of wintering sites

There are two ways of overwintering for wood frogs: one is underwater hibernation and the other is cellar hibernation. No matter which way is used for hibernation, it is necessary to ensure that the wood frogs overwinter safely, do not eat or move, and sleep deeply. Otherwise, the wood frogs will not hibernate well, and their physical fitness will be greatly depleted, their bodies will be weak, their vitality will be reduced, their gonads will develop slowly, and the eggs laid by female frogs in the spring of the second year will be loose, with low fertilization rate and hatching rate. During the hibernation period, it is necessary to prevent the death of a large number of overwintering wood frogs.

During the dormant period of the forest frog, it is important to ensure that the skin breathes normally and keep the frog moist. The overwintering earth pit can be built outdoors or indoors. The earth pit is 2 meters wide and 2 meters deep, and the length depends on the number of forest frogs. The walls of the permanent earth pit are built with bricks and stones to adjust the temperature inside the cellar. Put some stones, tiles, branches, and straw at the bottom of the cellar as shelter for the forest frogs during hibernation. Anti-rat equipment should be installed at the entrance of the cellar to prevent rats from harming the overwintering forest frogs. Put 1. 1 foot thick river sand in the earth pit and spray it wet. During the overwintering period of the forest frog, it is important to pay attention to moisturizing the frog's skin to keep it moist and breathe normally to prevent carbon dioxide poisoning in the body.

Build a hibernation pool indoors or in a greenhouse. The pool is 2 meters wide, 1 meter deep, and about 70 centimeters deep. The pool is built with bricks, cement surface, and has water inlets and outlets. Put straw, branches and other hidden objects at the bottom of the pool. Keep the pool water temperature below 4t and do not freeze. Change the water in time, and slow water flow is better.

Frog placement

Since the forest frog has the habit of hibernation and will not eat any bait from early October to the end of April of the following year, you can put the purchased forest frog seeds in a tank or basin with clean water and cover the mouth of the tank and basin with gauze.

When the temperature drops below 10 degrees Celsius, the forest frog begins to hibernate, stops eating and reduces activity.

In the southern region, when breeding, the method of covering the ground with one to two feet thick weeds and straw can be adopted, and the forest frogs can overwinter directly under the weeds and straw.

food

Insects such as mosquitoes and flies. This almost does not require much artificial feeding, and maggots or mealworms can also be artificially bred for feeding.

As long as the temperature is suitable, the frogs will start to move and catch insects. They are fed with small yellow mealworms or maggots every day. When feeding, the maggots are directly scattered on the ground around the frog farm. In practice, yellow mealworms or fly maggots are generally bred to feed young frogs and adult frogs. Yellow mealworms are bred with wheat bran (the breeding method is extremely simple, see technical information for details). Fly maggots can be made by mixing 1 part of pig, cow, or sheep blood (any kind) with 40-50 parts of water and adding a small amount of wheat bran or cornmeal and putting them in outdoor tanks, basins, cement pools, and earthen pools.

In early spring, when the temperature is low, you can also cover the net shed with plastic sheeting.

That's probably it, all mine are key!

You can tell from the above that you have never raised a forest frog. My home is in Tonghua, Jilin. Forest frogs are called Hasima here, and we call them toads. Generally, you don't need to feed them food in winter, and you don't need to put too much water, because winter is the hibernation period of toads. They usually only digest the fat in their bodies and don't eat. The most important thing is to maintain the temperature of the environment in which they live, not too high or too low, and it is best to maintain it at around 7 degrees above zero. In addition, pay attention to changing the water every two to three days to prevent the dirty water from damaging the toad's skin. By the way, I don't know how high your fish tank is. It's best to cover it with a mesh, otherwise the toad will jump out! That's all, I don't know if it helps you.

Chinese forest frog (Rana chensinensis), commonly known as Hasima frog, yellow toad, oily toad, red-bellied frog, is an amphibian with extremely high economic value. The dried oviduct of its female frog is a well-known precious Chinese medicinal material-hasima oil, also known as frog oil or toad oil. Forest frog is also a famous nourishing health food. It is a precious frog species that can be used as food and medicine. It has obvious functions such as moistening the lungs and nourishing yin, nourishing the kidneys and improving essence, nourishing the brain and improving intelligence. Frog oil contains 56.3% protein, 3.5% fat, 4.7% minerals, 27.5% nitrogen-free organic matter, and contains 18 kinds of amino acids and multiple trace elements necessary for the human body. It is a health product suitable for both men and women. Forest frog meat is tender and delicious. The dried frog meat contains 79% protein, which is a delicious dish at banquets.

Chinese forest frogs are widely distributed in the northern provinces of my country, with the three northeastern provinces as the main production areas, including Qingyuan, Xinbin, Hengren, Xifeng in Liaoning, Huadian, Shulan, Jiaohe, Fusong, Antu, Panshi, Changbai, Dunhua in Jilin, and Wuchang, Shangzhi, Ning'an and other counties in Heilongjiang. In addition to the three northeastern provinces, there are also forest frogs in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Hubei, and Jiangsu, but their quality is far inferior to that of Changshan forest frogs.

Here is an introduction to the ecological breeding model of forest frogs

Now, there are many ecological breeding models, among which the most successful, economically valuable and socially beneficial one is to breed Chinese forest frogs in orchards (grapes, loquats, bananas, lychees, etc.), tea gardens and nurseries. Breeding in orchards, using the natural shading effect of the orchard to shade the forest frogs, using escape-proof nets or escape-proof walls around the orchard to prevent the forest frogs from escaping and the entry of harmful organisms, and then releasing the metamorphosed young frogs into the orchard. Forest frogs can eliminate harmful organisms for fruit trees and meet their growth needs.

Or the conditions for breeding wood frogs, the best temperature is 25-28 degrees, the best air humidity is 70%-90%, the ground humidity is about 30%, seven yin and three yang, there is sufficient water source and wood frogs are very picky about the quality of water. So breeding wood frogs can be done anywhere. These conditions are difficult to achieve in the natural environment, but you can create and simulate these conditions in artificial breeding.

Recycling of raw materials in the process of frog bait breeding: Wheat bran is mainly used for breeding mealworms. The nutritional value of mealworm feces is several times higher than that of the original wheat bran. After simple fermentation and disinfection, it is mixed with other feeds to achieve better pig breeding effects; pig manure produced by pig breeding is used to breed maggots; pig manure decomposed by maggots is used to breed earthworms; and the feces discharged by earthworms is used as fertilizer for fruit trees. In such a breeding process, the raw materials of feed are fully recycled, which is the main way to reduce breeding costs and is an ideal ecological agriculture and green agriculture.

Wintering Management of Rana

When the outside temperature drops below 10℃, the forest frog's activities decrease and it no longer feeds. As the temperature gradually drops, the forest frog begins to hibernate. There are two ways for forest frogs to hibernate: one is to hibernate directly on land, and the other is to hibernate in water. When hibernating directly on land, the site should be covered with dead grass, rubble, etc. The frog can hibernate in the cracks of the soil, under the dead grass and rubble. The frog site should be watered frequently to keep the soil moist. This wintering method is relatively simple, and forest frogs can hibernate safely in southern regions. Wintering in water can be done indoors or outdoors. After the frog enters the hibernation period, it will not eat or move. In the water, it can meet its own oxygen consumption needs by breathing through the skin. Tree roots, rubble, etc. should be placed in the wintering pool for forest frogs to hide. The pool water should be kept fresh, and the water should be changed and disinfected regularly. At the same time, the area around the pool should be kept quiet, and the forest frogs should not be disturbed to affect hibernation. This wintering method is relatively safe, and forest frogs can safely winter even in extremely cold weather