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1Catfish pond farming technology

Catfish (Silurus asotus) belongs to the order Siluriformes, family Siluridae, genus Silurus

Heilongjiang catfish is not only large and fast growing, but also resistant to low temperatures and low oxygen, and has delicious meat. It is deeply loved by producers and consumers in the northern high-altitude cold regions.

Based on many years of practice, the author summarizes the catfish pond farming technology as follows:

1 Artificial breeding of catfish in ponds

1.1 Selection of broodstock: Select broodstock with a tail weight of more than 0.5 kg, a swollen abdomen, a red and swollen genital opening, and eggs that can be squeezed out by lightly pressing the abdomen.

The male fish has a narrow abdomen, and light pressure on the abdomen can squeeze out white semen

The male-female ratio is 1:1-1.5, and the individual size is appropriate

1.2 Aphrodisiac: Catfish breeding practice has shown that after prenatal cultivation of catfish gonads to the end of stage IV, the best aphrodisiac is a mixture of DOM and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone A2 (LHRHDA2). The dosage is 2mg~5mgDOM+2μg~4μgLHRHDA2 per kilogram of catfish. The mixture of the two drugs is injected into the back muscle at one time, and the aphrodisiac rate can reach more than 80%.

1.3 Artificial nesting: Arrange catfish spawning attachments in the spawning pond. The method is similar to that of carp. However, catfish eggs are not as sticky as carp eggs. Some eggs are easy to fall off the nest and fall to the bottom of the pond and die.

In order to improve the utilization rate of catfish eggs, a bottom nest should be arranged at the bottom of the ovary. The method is to weld iron rods with a diameter of 0.8 to 1 cm into a 3m1m rectangular frame, connect the middle with screen silk, and sew palm skin with eggs on the screen silk. The egg laying rate of the bottom nest accounts for 20 to 40% of the total number of eggs laid.

1.4 Artificial incubation: After the catfish lays eggs, the ovaries should be removed and placed in the incubation pond in time to prevent the parent fish from self-mutilating their eggs.

The hatching pool is preferably a cement pool. The bottom of the earthen pool should be flat and free of silt. The water depth should be within 0.5 to 1 meter. The area should not be too large. The density of eggs is 30,000 eggs/m2 of water surface.

The water quality needs to be strictly filtered to prevent the harm of aquatic animals to the fish eggs. The other hatching processes are similar to those of carp.

When the water temperature is around 20℃, the catfish fry will break the membrane and hatch in 3-4 days. The newly hatched catfish fry will attach to the fish nest and develop in still water or micro-flowing water. They are tadpole-like. The fish nest should be removed in time after 3 days of hatching and put into the pond at the right time.

2 Pond culture technology

2.1 Catfish fry pond: Catfish can actively eat large rotifers and small cladocerans 3 to 4 days after hatching. At this time, they should be put into the pond in time.

The abundance of cladocerans after catfish fry are put into the pond is the key to the survival rate of catfish fry. The use of organic fertilizer to cultivate a large number of cladocerans

When natural bait is insufficient in the later stage, use a 50-mesh screen to scoop up cladocerans or fresh animal bait from other ponds, chop it up and feed it to the fish.

There is sufficient animal food in the pond, and catfish fry grows fast. Generally, about 90,000 catfish are placed in 667m2. After 10 to 15 days, they will grow into summer flowers, and the survival rate can reach 50%. The water surface of the pond should be within 667m2.

2.2 Fish breeding

2.2.1 Ecological breeding and cultivation of catfish: Apply large amounts of organic fertilizer to cultivate zooplankton, benthic organisms, aquatic insects and small fish, and provide catfish with nutritious animal live bait

This method has a high survival rate and large specifications.

In 1997, 2,500 summer catfish were stocked in a 4,000 m2 pond, accounting for 54.3% of the total stocking, 700 summer silver carp were stocked, accounting for 15.3% of the total stocking, and 1,400 summer bighead carp were stocked, accounting for 30.4% of the total stocking.

200 crucian carp broodstock were released 17 days before the release of catfish fry to allow them to reproduce naturally. 500kg of basal fertilizer and topdressing were applied per 667m2, and 150kg of powdered feed was fed to the crucian carp fry. After 90 days of feeding, the average catfish yield was 50.5kg per 667m2, the survival rate was 94.8%, and the weight was 128g per tail.

The survival rate of silver carp is 78%, and that of bighead carp is 85%. This breeding method is simple and easy to master, and crucian carp fry are easy to obtain as bait fish.

The stocking density of catfish fry should be determined by the amount of bait fish. The stocking time must be 10 days after the silver carp is stocked before the catfish fry can be stocked.

2.2.2 Use catfish summer flower in fish pond: Use catfish summer flower at a rate of less than 10% in fish pond, which can not only remove wild fish, aquatic insects, tadpoles, etc. in the pond, but also increase the yield of the main fish species and improve the efficiency of the pond.

In 1995, 12.2% (500 carps/667 m2) were stocked into domesticated carp seed ponds.

In 1996, 6.67% (300 catfish per 667 m2) of summer catfish were stocked. Without affecting the survival rate and yield of the main fish, the catfish yield per 667 m2 increased by 43.75 kg (partially fed with chicken intestines) and 16.2 kg

2.2.3 Raising catfish fingerlings in fish ponds: This method requires little investment, has high benefits, and does not require additional management measures. In particular, in fish ponds with a large number of small fish, 100 to 200 catfish are stocked per 667m2, which can breed 10 to 20kg of catfish fingerlings weighing 100 to 150g each, increasing benefits by 200 to 200 yuan per 667m2.

2.2.4 Catfish breeding with pellet feed: Catfish feed on natural animal feed or terrestrial animal feed grows faster and has a higher survival rate.

They also eat artificial pellets when hungry, and can be domesticated and cultured in ponds using pellets.

However, the nutritional requirements for bait are relatively high. The protein content of pelleted bait in domesticated breeding is higher than that of carp. The protein content of catfish bait should be about 40%, and animal protein (imported fish meal) should account for more than 30% of the bait protein.

The processing and domestication methods of pellet bait are basically similar to those of carp. The catfish bred in this way can weigh up to 50-100g.

In 1997, 6000 catfish were stocked in a 667m2 pond and tamed with pelleted bait. The yield was 93.5kg per 667m2, with a feed coefficient of 3, an average tail weight of 84.5g, and a survival rate of 18.44%.

The author believes that the main reason for the low survival rate of catfish is that the bait is not palatable and the nutrition is incomplete, resulting in uneven sizes. Large individuals swallow small individuals. When the catfish weigh about 10g, they kill each other seriously, which is the main factor affecting the large-scale production of catfish.

In order to improve the survival rate of catfish, some palatable animal feed should be added from the beginning of summer.

2.3 Fish farming

2.3.1 Catfish are grown as commercial fish in the same year: Catfish are stocked in the fish ponds with abundant small fish, and about 30 catfish are raised in 667m2.

The annual weight can reach more than 0.35kg, and the largest individual can reach 0.75kg

667m2 Increase catfish production by 5-10kg

When raising fish in a cage, the density should be controlled flexibly according to the water source conditions and the number of fish in the pond.

2.3.2 Catfish fingerlings for fish ponds: Catfish swim slowly and cannot prey on fast-swimming farmed fish of the same size. Stocking catfish of a certain size in the pond can only remove small wild fish and sick farmed fish in the pond.

Commercial fish pond 667m2 stocking tail weight 50～100

Catfish is a tropical fish. It is large, has less bones and tastes like river eel, so it is called "eight-barbed catfish eel". It has excellent characteristics such as fast growth, wide diet and few diseases. It is an excellent variety of freshwater fish. However, its disadvantage is poor cold resistance. When the water temperature drops below 7℃, it is easy to freeze to death. Therefore, its growth period is very short, only 5 to 6 months a year. Since it cannot overwinter in natural waters (except Guangdong and Guangxi), the amount of fresh fish on the market is highly concentrated during the peak fishing season, resulting in a backlog of fish, low selling price and low efficiency. In addition, catfish kill each other seriously during the breeding process, which greatly affects the increase of stocking density and yield. However, if you use some production tips and scientific methods to breed catfish, you can get twice the result with half the effort.

1. Two-stage seedling release. The newly transported fry have weak resistance and different sizes. If they are directly placed in a large pond for feeding, the fry will have a large range of activities, consume a lot of physical energy, and it is difficult for the bait to be eaten at once, resulting in waste and polluting the water quality. However, if two-stage seedling release is implemented, that is, first concentrated in a small pond for intensive breeding, and then placed in a large pond for breeding. This is not only convenient for management, but also allows the fry to better adapt to the new environment, and it is easy to get sufficient food in the small pond, which promotes its rapid growth. When the fry cultivated in the small pond reaches about 10 to 15 cm, the large fish species can be selected from the pond and placed in the large pond for breeding, and the small fish species are still left in the small pond for intensive breeding, so that the fish species grow in a balanced manner and have the same size. This avoids the phenomenon of big fish eating small fish during the breeding process, thereby effectively improving the survival rate and unit yield of the fry.

2. Feed the bait reasonably. Catfish is an omnivorous fish with voracious nature. Therefore, the feeding amount should be correctly controlled to feed as much as the number of fish in the pond to prevent blind feeding. At the same time, it is necessary to implement point feeding, spread the bait evenly, feed a small amount of food multiple times, feed enough to prevent hunger and satiety, and polarization. At the same time, in the early stage of fry cultivation, animal feed should be used as the main feed for intensive cultivation. As the fish grows, some plant feed should be gradually switched to combine animal and plant feed. The daily feeding amount should be controlled at about 5-8% of the total weight of the fish body. The feeding amount should be adjusted once every week or half a month to make the feeding amount more reasonable.

3. Implement rotational catching and separate breeding. Because catfish are ferocious and greedy, when feeding, the big fish often grab the food first, and the small fish cannot get the food, resulting in a larger and larger difference in fish size. Therefore, before catching catfish, rotational catching and separate breeding should be carried out, and the big and small fish should be raised in different ponds to achieve a balanced growth. This is one of the important measures to increase production.

4. Promote the wintering of catfish. When fishing in autumn, in addition to selling large fish, some adult fish can be moved to deep water ponds for wintering (build nylon sheds on the ponds) and sold as early spring fish; this can not only solve the problem of difficult catfish sales during the peak season, but also extend the supply time of fresh fish, and the price of fish can be doubled, which is really killing two birds with one stone.

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