CATDOLL : CATDOLL: There are black maggots at home, about 2 cm long, please look at the photos and tell me what kind of insects they are.

There are black maggots at home, about 2 cm long, please look at the photos and tell me what kind of insects they are.

Judging from the picture, this is a maggot, but it has already started to form a cocoon, and after a while it will turn into a big fly and fly out.

How to raise chickens with maggots?

The method of raising chickens with maggots is: take the dung maggots or fly maggots raised in artificial cages, rinse them thoroughly, spread them flat on plastic sheet or cloth pad, flatten them and rinse them thoroughly with clean water before feeding them to chicks and ducklings. You can also dry the rinsed maggots and grind them into powder, add them to chick feed and feed them to chickens.

After the maggots are taken out from the maggot pupae, they can be directly fed to the chickens after being rinsed with clean water. The dosage can account for 30% of the total feed. If the maggots are killed by boiling water and then fed, the dosage can account for 40%. Because the protein content in maggots is high, other feeds should be mainly energy feeds such as corn flour and wheat bran, and there is no need to add soybean meal and fish meal protein feeds.

Additional information:

The introduction of maggot chicken farming is as follows:

10% fly maggots and 10% fish meal were used to feed laying hens with the same basic diet. The egg production rate of the chickens fed with fly maggots was 20.3% higher than that of the chickens fed with fish meal, the feed return increased by 15.8%, and the feed cost decreased by 31.2%. Fresh maggots were directly sprinkled into the feeding trough or on the ground, and fed twice a day.

The total amount should be 20% of the feed, and no more than 30%. If you feed too much, the chickens will eat the maggots and then eat them again. The most terrible thing is that it may lead to excess egg white, swelling of the chicken's abdomen, and sudden death. Immature fly maggots should not be fed to chicks.

Reference source: Phoenix.com - The stench of a chicken farm built in the densely populated area of ​​Gushi, Xinyang is unbearable

Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia - Raising chickens with maggots

1) Breeding equipment:

1. Fly cage. The cage is 1.5m high (including 50cm for the cage foot), 60cm wide and 100cm long. The bottom of the cage can be made of plywood, and the four sides are nailed with 12-mesh lead sand windows. A 10×10cm hole is opened on one side of the rectangle, and a trouser leg is sewn on it as an inlet and outlet for changing materials.

2. Maggot breeding platform. Build a platform with a slope of 10 cm. Smooth the inside of the platform with cement. Mature maggots tend to crawl to the higher side.

3. Production process:

①Formula of manure:

Raw materials for maggot breeding: 80% fresh pig manure, 10% wheat bran, 10% peanut residue

(Note: Spray with EM 1:10 water every day to deodorize)

Egg collection material: 80% fresh pig manure 10% wheat bran

9.5% peanut hawthorn 0.5% ammonium bicarbonate

Fly breeding drink: 5% brown sugar 5% milk powder 5% fresh eggs

0.2% Vitamin C 0.2% Methionine 84.6% Water

② Fermentation of manure:

Use EM in a dilute fermentation ratio of 1:10. The humidity is between 70-80%. Mix and ferment for 1-2 days before use. It can eliminate toxic and harmful gases in the manure during the maggot breeding process.

③Put the egg-collecting material on the manure of the maggot breeding platform. Young maggots can be seen the next day. After 2 days, mature maggots can be seen crawling out of the manure pile and crawling to the slightly higher side of the platform. Take it out and rinse it with 1/5000 potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes before use.

④ Timing of feeding, collecting fly eggs and taking maggots

Feeding (fly breeding drink): at irregular intervals, feed after the flies have finished eating. Be careful not to feed too much each time to prevent the flies from dying.

Egg collection materials: put them into the cage in the morning and take them out and put them into the maggot breeding platform in the evening.

Taking maggots: depends on production and application.

According to this method, each cage can produce 20 kilograms of maggots per day. Each batch of manure raw materials can produce a batch of maggots, which are then used to breed earthworms. Within the suitable temperature range for maggot growth, high or low temperatures will affect the length of time for maggots to emerge. Therefore, the production plan should be adjusted at any time according to temperature changes to ensure a stable and balanced supply of fresh maggots.

2) Selection of maggot feed

1. Feed formula Feed is the material basis for raising maggots. Through the comparative breeding test of maggot feed, it is better to breed maggots with pure chicken manure and pig and chicken manure in a certain proportion, while cattle manure is worse for breeding maggots (Table 1)

Table 1 Comparison of maggot breeding feed formula experiments

Feeding name Combination project Pure pig manure Pure chicken manure Pure cow manure Pig and chicken manure 1:2 Pig and chicken manure 1:1 Pig and chicken manure 2:1 Pig and cow manure 1:1

Total feed (kg) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Egg collection date (month/day) 4/1 4/1 4/1 4/1 4/1 4/1 4/1

Hatching date (month/day) 4/2 4/2 4/2 4/2 4/2 4/2 4/2

Date of maggot formation (month/day) 4/6 4/6 4/6 4/6 4/6 4/6 4/6

Total number of adult maggots (month/day) 4695 4958 2865 4784 4245 4692 3962

Total weight of adult maggots (month/day) 109 138 41.7 123 111.4 127 74.3

Number of adult maggots per gram (month/day) 43 36 69 39 38 37 53

Note: The number of eggs collected is 5,000

According to the results in the table, a set of formulas are obtained for selection:

(1) Mix 1 part of pig manure and 1 part of chicken manure with water, and the water content should be about 80%.

(2) 1 part pig manure and 2 parts chicken manure, add water and mix, the water content is 80%

(3) Mix 2 parts of pig manure and 1 part of chicken manure with water to a water content of 80%.

2. Use pig manure as bait to reduce the cost of raising maggots. According to many materials, wheat bran is the main bait for producing fly maggots. In order to reduce the cost of raising fly maggots and improve economic benefits, we conducted an experiment of artificially raising fly maggots using pig manure instead of wheat bran as bait. After the experiment, it was found that 2 kg of wheat bran was needed to produce 500 grams of fresh maggots using wheat bran as bait, and the cost of 1 kg of fly maggots was 0.25 yuan (excluding equipment investment). Although the protein content of wheat bran after raising maggots did not decrease after testing, it was not effective for feeding livestock and poultry, which resulted in a large amount of wheat bran wasted, limiting its promotion and application. The method of raising fly maggots with pig manure as bait is the same as that of raising fly maggots with wheat bran, and the yield of fly maggots per square meter is basically the same. The various main nutrients contained in the fly maggots produced by the two baits are also basically the same through testing, and no abnormalities occurred during the breeding process. The cost of producing fly maggots with pig manure bait has been reduced from 0.5 yuan to 0.14 yuan per kilogram (pig manure is not priced, only the cost of artificial feeding and fly breeding, etc.) Practice has proved that using pig manure as feed to raise fly maggots has a wide source of feed, low production cost, and simple breeding methods. The manure residue after maggot breeding can also be used as fertilizer or biogas raw material, which not only makes full use of bioenergy, but also creates favorable conditions for vigorously promoting fly maggot production.

(II) Simple production technology of fly maggots

In rural areas, fly maggots are raised as bait for livestock and special animals. They can be easily produced by using local materials. Here are several commonly used simple production methods for fly maggots:

1. Plastic basin (bucket) breeding method; this method can be used for small-scale production. Each plastic basin produces about 1 to 1.5 kg of maggots. It can feed 50-75 pheasants. Put fresh animal viscera, dead rats, etc. in places with more flies, let the flies lay eggs on them, put them in the morning and collect them in the evening, and put the collected fly eggs in a large basin with a diameter of 6 cm (or a plastic bucket with a diameter of 30 cm). Sprinkle water into the large plastic basin to keep it moist, and cover it. After 2 to 3 days, the maggots will grow out. This method can be used to breed maggots in the wild without introducing species. When raising maggots, the amount of food is fed from small to large, that is, fresh chicken manure and pig manure are put into the basin at a ratio of 1:1. A plastic basin with a diameter of 60 cm is fed with 1 kg of feed per day (half the feed for barrel breeding), and then sprayed with 100 ml of 3% sugar water (or waste liquid or molasses from the sugar factory). After 4 to 5 days, maggots can grow and feed animals. Feeding method: Pour water into a basin, stir gently with a wooden stick, scoop out the fresh maggots floating on the water surface, wash and disinfect them before feeding them directly to animals. Pour the slag water into a biogas tank or manure pit for fermentation and sterilization. If used to feed turtles, eels, and fish, pour the slag into the pond together with the manure.

2. Outdoor ground level breeding method This method is suitable for large-scale breeding in farms

(1) Selection of breeding site. Choose a flat and compacted piece of land far away from residential buildings and close to livestock and poultry houses. It is best to be above the ground and free of water as the breeding surface. The area of ​​one breeding surface is about 4 square meters. The number of breeding surfaces should be determined according to the breeding scale.

(2) Making a support. Make a support with iron or wood that can cover the culture surface, 50 cm high. Cover the support with a layer of kraft paper on the top and both sides to block direct sunlight. Then surround the support with a layer of plastic cloth (the east and west sides can be opened) to make a cover to keep warm and moist. The support should be the same size as the culture surface and should be movable and can be moved at any time to facilitate feeding and maggot removal.

(3) Spread manure on the culture surface. Use fresh chicken and pig manure, mix well at a ratio of 1:1 and spread it. Mix it with water before spreading. The humidity should be such that manure does not flow out. Then spread the manure loosely and evenly on the culture surface. The thickness should be 5 to 10 cm. Spread it thinly when it is hot and thickly when it is cold. Finally, move the bracket to the culture surface to cover the manure layer, open the plastic sheets on the east and west sides, and put a few dead rats or 0.5 to 1 kg of animal carcasses, internal organs, fish intestines, etc. on the manure surface at the entrance to lure flies to come in and lay eggs.

(4) Within 24 hours after spreading the manure, spray water several times according to the humidity requirements to keep the surface of the manure layer moist to facilitate fly egg laying and hatching. If chicken manure is used, spray water; if pig manure is used alone, add 30,000ths of ammonia water or ammonium carbonate to the water to attract flies to lay eggs. After the flies lay eggs in the manure layer for a day and a night, put down the plastic sheets on the east and west sides of the bracket, press them tightly around, maintain the temperature inside the cover, and allow the fly eggs to hatch in the manure layer.

(5) Fly eggs can hatch into maggots after 8 to 12 hours at 25°C. After the maggots hatch, water should still be sprayed on the manure layer according to the evaporation of water, but water should not accumulate in the manure layer to prevent the maggots from suffocating. Use plastic sheets on the east and west sides of the opening and closing bracket to adjust the temperature inside the hood between 20 and 25°C. In the later stage of maggot growth, the humidity of the manure layer should be reduced, and it is better to have wet inside and dry outside.

(6) Maggots can be used after 6 to 9 days of hatching. In principle, large numbers of maggots should not be allowed to pupate. Since maggots are afraid of direct sunlight, the bracket can be removed when collecting maggots to allow sunlight to shine on the manure layer. The maggots will then drill to the bottom of the manure layer. Shovel away the manure on the surface, then separate the manure and maggots on the bottom layer and let the chickens in to eat. This is the simplest way to collect maggots. After the chickens have eaten the maggots, the manure is gathered into a pile, 50% of fresh manure is added and mixed evenly, then water is applied to spread it flat and the maggots are raised again. This method can be carried out at a temperature above 5°C. When the temperature is below 10°C, 20% horse manure is added to ferment and heat it up. If 500 grams of fly maggots are produced per square meter, and each chicken needs 20 grams per day, a cultivation area of ​​4 square meters can produce one cycle of maggots for 100 chickens for one day.

3. Soy milk and blood water single tank breeding method: This method is suitable for special breeding seedling markets in cities and towns or food processing factories that engage in breeding and produce a small amount of maggots.

First, place a large vat in a place where there are many flies, grind 500 grams of soybeans into soy milk and pour it into the vat, then add 10 kilograms of water and mix well, then pour in 2.5-3 kilograms of fresh pig blood or cow blood, and then add 5 kilograms of rice washing water and mix well, let the flies come to the vat to feed and lay eggs, and then catch the fly maggots to feed the animals. One feeding can be used continuously for 2-3 months. The requirements of this maggot breeding method are that 40-50 kilograms of soy milk and blood water should be kept in the vat, and attention should be paid to adding when the soy milk and blood water evaporates less; in addition, the vat must be placed in a place where there are many flies.

4. Multi-tank feces and urine circulation breeding method: This method is suitable for small feed farms, small fish ponds and seedling farms. ..

Take 12 clay jars that can hold 30 kg of water, place them in two rows in places where there are many flies, and number them 1 to 12 in order. On the first day, put 1 kg of fresh chicken manure, 1 kg of fresh pig manure, 500 grams of human urine, 2 dead rats (frogs) or 250 grams of animal carrion and internal organs in jar No. 1, and add urine water every day to keep it moist. On the second day, put jar No. 2 according to the method and quantity on the first day, put jar No. 3 on the third day, and so on. After putting 12 jars, on the thirteenth day, pour the adult maggots in jar No. 1 together with the feces into the pond to feed the fish. If feeding livestock, water can be poured into the jar to let the maggots float to the surface of the water, and then fished out for feeding. Then pour out the feces water, wash the jar, and re-feed according to the method on the first day. On the 14th day, take the second tank, and on the 15th day, take the third tank, and repeat this cycle over and over again to continuously obtain fresh fly maggots as livestock and poultry feed and live animal bait.

5. Platform introduction pond breeding method, this method is suitable for small-scale farms.

(1) Build several small square cement pools of 1 square meter in size and 5 centimeters in depth. Build a 200-centimeter feeding platform at the edge of the pool, level with the pool surface, and then fill the pool with water. The water level should be slightly lower than the feeding platform. Build a sunshade awning 1.5 to 2 meters high above the pool.

(2) Place 500 grams of discarded meat, skin, intestines or offal from the slaughterhouse on the feeding platform. You can also place 300 grams of dead rats, rabbits and other animal carcasses to attract flies to feed and lay eggs.

(3) Place the culture medium that has been placed on the platform for 2 to 3 days into the pool water and stir it a few times to shake off the maggots and fly eggs attached to it into the water. Then place the culture medium back on the platform to induce flies to lay eggs again.

(4) Add 2 kg of fresh pig and chicken manure, or 4 kg of human manure, to each pond. After 24 hours, add more manure after the maggots have decomposed the floating manure.

(5) After 4 to 8 days of feeding in the pond, if you see adult maggots crawling to the edge of the pond, catch them in time to prevent them from escaping. Use a colander or gauze to remove the adult maggots, wash them with clean water, and feed them fresh.

(6) Clean the pond. When the insoluble dirt layer on the bottom of the pond exceeds 15 cm and affects the capture of adult maggots, the dirt on the bottom of the pond can be removed and new water can be added after all the maggots have been captured.

24 ponds were built, 2 ponds were fed every day, and a circulating feeding method was adopted. 6 kg of fresh maggots were produced every day, which could be used to feed 12 pigs or 300 chickens.

6. Pond side hanging basin breeding method: 1 meter away from the pond bank, set up rows of brackets, and hang a 40-meter diameter basin in a row on the surface of the breeding pond for special economic animals every 1 to 2 meters, and the basin is about 20 cm from the water surface. Fill the basin with equal amounts of pig and chicken manure, add water to wet it, sprinkle a few drops of ammonia, and then put a few dead fish or dead mice on the surface of the basin to lure flies to lay eggs. Houseflies or other wild flies will fly into the basin to feed and lay eggs. After a week, maggots will crawl out of the basin and fall into the water, which will be directly eaten by animals in the pond. This method has simple equipment and easy operation. 2 kg of manure can produce 500 grams of fresh maggots. There are several points to note during the specific operation: First, the pot should not be too deep, 10 to 15 cm is appropriate; second, it is best to use a plastic pot with 2 to 3 drainage holes at the bottom to prevent water accumulation in the pot during heavy rain; third, after the pot is filled with manure, it is best to cover 3/4 of the pot surface with lotus leaves or kraft paper, leaving 1/4 of the pot surface for dead animals to attract flies, so as to block the sunlight and help the growth and development of maggots; fourth, the high temperature in summer evaporates quickly, so check and water frequently to keep the culture medium moist.

7. Outdoor earth pond breeding method: This method is suitable for farming areas near forest areas and reservoirs, and can be combined with breeding in fertilizer piles and manure pits at the edge of the field.

Choose a place that is sheltered from the wind, facing the sun, with a high terrain, dry and warm. Dig a soil pond with a size of 2 meters long, 1 meter wide and 0.6 meters deep. Put in livestock and poultry manure, straw, sugarcane bagasse, water and mix them for fermentation, and then put in dead fish, dead animal viscera and other smelly things. Cover it with wooden boards, and set a 0.3-meter square movable glass window on the wooden boards to let adult flies fly in to feed and lay eggs. Pay attention to digging drainage ditches around the outside of the pond, and no water can accumulate in the pond. After putting in the materials, lift the wooden board cover every 7 to 10 days, dig up the surface manure layer, drive chickens and ducks to the pit to feed, or shovel the manure and maggots into a bucket, and pour it into the pond reservoir to feed the fish.

8. Outdoor plastic shed maggot breeding method: Dig a shallow pit of 5 meters long, 0.8 meters wide and 0.25 meters deep between the rows of fruit trees or under the shade of trees, lay a thick film in the pit, inject 15 cm deep manure water, put 2 dan of chicken manure, 2 dan of pig manure, 1 dan of cow manure, and 1500 grams of dead rats or animal carrion and viscera in each pit. Sprinkle some quicklime and plant ash along the edge of the pit to prevent adult maggots from escaping. Then use bamboo strips to make a 1-meter-high semicircular bracket on the pit, cover it with plastic film, and compact the surrounding plastic film with soil. Open a 20 cm x 30 cm hole in the middle and both ends to let flies fly in to feed and lay eggs. After 5 to 7 days, you can lift the plastic film to catch the maggots and wash them as bait.

9. Fertilizing fruit trees and raising maggots This method combines raising maggots with fertilizing fruit trees, and is suitable for raising poultry in fruit orchards. The specific operation is: in young orchards, dig a ring ditch 40 to 50 cm away from the tree, with a width of 20 to 30 cm and a depth of 30 cm. Put a load of fresh pig and chicken manure in each ditch, and then put some dead rats, animal viscera or pig hair and blood to attract flies to lay eggs. Pay attention to watering every day to keep it moist. Cover the manure with turf after 3 days, and lift the turf after a week, let the chickens into the garden to dig up the manure and eat maggots. Then cover it again, and dig it up again after a week to feed the chickens. After repeating this 4 to 5 times, there will be fewer maggots temporarily, and the maggot breeding ditch can be covered with soil to complete the fruit tree fertilization. In mature orchards, dig 3 to 4 symmetrical point-shaped maggot breeding pits along the crown of the tree, with specifications of 0.8 meters long, 0.4 meters wide, and 35 cm deep.

Indoor sports law

(1) Prepare 12 large plastic basins with a diameter of 60 cm and 8 small plastic bowls for each production team. Set up a wooden or iron frame with a length of 1.3 m, a width of 0.6 m, and a height of 1.5 m in the room. The frame is divided into 5 layers, each layer is 26 cm high, and two plastic basins are placed on each layer, for a total of 12 large plastic basins, including the top layer.

(2) Place 5 kg of fresh pig and chicken manure, 1 kg of human urine (or 5% carbon ammonia water), and 500 g of 3% sugar water (or waste liquid from a sugar factory) in each basin.

(3) Place 8 plastic egg-collecting bowls containing 250 grams of dead rats, carrion and animal viscera in the pig farm or in places with many flies to attract flies to feed and lay eggs. After 2 to 3 days, rinse the fly eggs and larvae with clean water and place them in two plastic basins. Inoculate two basins every day. After 5 to 6 days of cultivation in the plastic basin, you can separate fresh maggots for bait.

Section 4 Design of a small fly farm

With the improvement of rural science and technology and production conditions, the current shortcomings of fly maggot production will be overcome. Farmers will start with breeding flies and gradually adopt the high-efficiency breeding model of small fly farms. Referring to advanced experience at home and abroad, a high-tech solution for a small family fly farm with a daily output of 100 kg of fly maggots is specially designed here for reference by professional breeders.

1. Basic conditions for holding the event

1. Calculation of the number of breeding flies

According to measurements, every 10,000 flies at the peak of egg-laying can produce 4 kg of fresh maggots after 5-6 days of feeding. To produce 100 kg of fresh maggots per day, 250,000 adult flies that are normally at the peak of egg-laying are needed. To be on the safe side, the number of breeding flies raised in one production unit should be set at 300,000. Considering that the breeding flies need to be eliminated and updated after laying eggs, a renewal cycle takes at least 4 days. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare the production scale of two units of breeding flies to ensure a continuous supply of egg masses required to produce 100 kg of maggots per day.

2. Area of ​​breeding fly house and number of cages

At present, there are three ways to raise breeding flies: room breeding, cage breeding and net cage breeding, among which net cage breeding is better. Assuming that each net cage is 1 meter long, 1 meter wide and 0.8 meters high to raise 12,000 breeding flies, one unit needs 25 net cages. The net cages are hung and fixed in two layers indoors, and 26 net cages are placed in a 30-square-meter room. Two production units require a total of 60 square meters of breeding fly rooms and 50 net cages.

(III) Calculation of maggot culture area

Calculated based on the fact that 1 square meter of breeding area can produce 500 grams of fresh maggots, 200 square meters of breeding area is required to produce 100 kilograms of fresh maggots per day. If flat breeding is adopted, a plastic shed with a total area of ​​250 square meters is required for one unit. If three-dimensional breeding is adopted, a 70-square-meter plastic shed is required based on 4 layers. The investment for building a shed is basically the same as that for expanding the shed surface. If land conditions permit, flat breeding should be promoted in rural areas at present. Calculated based on the fact that it takes 5 days from hatching to maturity of maggots, to ensure continuous maggot production, 5 production units need to be built using the flow operation method. That is, 1,250 square meters for flat breeding and 350 square meters for three-dimensional breeding.

4. Preparation of manure (culture medium)

To produce 100 kg of fresh maggots per day, 400 kg of manure is needed. According to the formula of 2 parts of pig manure and 1 part of chicken manure, 266.8 kg of pig manure and 123.4 kg of chicken manure are needed. Calculated based on 4 kg of feces per day for a pig and 68.5 grams of feces per day for a chicken, 70 pigs and 1,725 ​​chickens are needed to provide fresh manure. If it is not possible to cooperate with breeding farms, the fly farm must raise about 80 pigs and 2,000 caged chickens by itself to ensure sufficient manure for the daily production of 100 kg of fly maggots.

2. Production technology operation

1. Construction of fly house

Choose a place far away from residential areas, with good light and ventilation to build a fly breeding room. It is required that 1/2 of the skylights be made of transparent materials, and doors and windows where flies can escape should be equipped with gauze or iron nets. Install a ventilation fan on the wall for every 20 square meters, and prepare a flowing air fan in the room. If conditions permit, it is best to install a temperature controller. When the temperature in the room exceeds 33°C, the ventilation fan and flowing air fan will work automatically. There are two fly breeding rooms, each with an area of ​​30 square meters, a total of 60 square meters. Set up a three-dimensional breeding frame indoors, 2 meters high and 1 meter wide, divided into upper and lower floors. The frame is divided into 13 grids, each 1 meter, and the upper and lower floors can accommodate a total of 26 cages, covering the entire room. Use nylon gauze to sew closed net boxes according to the specifications of 1 meter long, 1 meter wide and 0.8 meter high. Open a small opening of about 25 cm wide and 10 cm high on the lower side of the net box, and sew a sleeve of corresponding size and 15 to 20 cm long with nylon gauze outside the opening to facilitate reaching in for feeding and egg collection. Usually, the sleeve is clamped with a clip to prevent adult flies from flying out of the net box. In addition, several pieces of nylon gauze can be hung in the middle of the upper middle part of the net box to increase the habitat area of ​​adult flies. When using, fix the net box on the frame layer, just like hanging a mosquito net, and support the bottom of the cage on a small flat plate. In order to make it convenient to hang and remove the net box, and easy to disinfect and clean, the four corners of the net box can be fixed on the frame layer with clips or hooks. Put 4 plastic dishes in each net box, 2 dishes for feed and drinking water, and 2 egg collecting trays.

(II) Construction of plastic greenhouse for maggot breeding

The basic structure is the same as the currently promoted off-season vegetable greenhouses. If a flat breeding infrastructure is used, there are 10 plastic greenhouses with a length of 16 meters, a width of 8 meters, and a height of 2 meters (with an effective internal area of ​​100 square meters). There is a door in each of the east, west, south, and north of the greenhouse for ventilation and material in and out, and two exhaust fans are installed above the greenhouse. If it is a three-dimensional breeding, only five greenhouses need to be built, each of which is 14 meters long, 6 meters wide, and 3 meters high, with a single area of ​​84 square meters (the actual breeding area is 70 square meters) and a total area of ​​420 square meters. There is a 1-meter-wide walkway in the middle and front and back of the greenhouse. There are three layers of breeding racks on both sides, each 30 cm high, and the top layer can be used for four-layer three-dimensional breeding from top to bottom, with 200 breeding baskets woven from 1 square meter of rectangular bamboo strips. The door opening and exhaust equipment installation in the greenhouse are the same as those in the flat breeding plastic shed.

3. Collection and domestication of fly species

Houseflies are the intermediate hosts of many bacteria. After the density of artificial breeding is increased, the introduced species must be disinfected and sterilized before they can be used as breeding flies. Specific methods: Mix 50% pig manure, 30% chicken manure, and 20% chopped animal offal, add water to make the water content 60% to 70%, and lay a 2 square meter and 7 cm thick breeding surface outdoors, add a few drops of ammonia water, build a frame on it and cover it with plastic cloth to avoid rain, open it all around, and lure houseflies to forage and lay eggs. The eggs hatch into larvae after 8 to 12 hours, and the larvae grow into pupae after 5 to 6 days of production. Pick out the pupae with tweezers and soak them in 1% potassium permanganate solution or 3% bleaching powder solution for about 3 minutes to kill the bacteria on the surface of the pupae, and then place them in breeding fly cages for breeding.

Each net cage is filled with 250 grams of sterilized fly pupae, about 12,000. The feed for breeding flies is generally one of the following: ① 18% rice flour, 20% brown sugar, add water to make a dilute solution; ② Mash and dilute the steamed and chopped animal viscera or meat scraps; ③ 95 grams of fly maggot slurry, 5 grams of brewer's yeast, and 150 ml of water. If there is no sugar in the above formula, it is best to add some brown sugar or sugar factory waste liquid. When 15% of the pupae become adults, start putting one of the above feeds into the feed tray in the breeding fly net cage. At the same time, pour water into the drinking water tray and put a sponge on the water tray so that the breeding flies can live on it and absorb water without being drowned. The feed for 10,000 breeding flies per day is about 10 grams. Put 25 grams of feed in 2 dishes each time, and change the feed and water once every two days. The breeding flies use very little feed, and the above-mentioned fine feed formula should be used to ensure that a large number of eggs are laid in a short period of time without degeneration. In a suitable environment with a temperature of 17-33°C and a relative humidity of 50%-75%, the breeding flies will mature, mate and lay eggs 3 days after emergence (more than 5 days in a temperature and humidity environment outside the above range). When the breeding flies are about to lay eggs, wheat bran with a water content of 60%-70% is used to lay eggs 1-2 times a day. Pour the eggs and wheat bran into the larval breeding basin or breeding pool. The larval culture medium uses sun-dried and disinfected pig and chicken manure, and the disinfection method generally uses composting and fermentation followed by sunlight exposure. The method of raising maggots is as described above. After the larvae (maggots) pupate, they are moved into the breeding fly cage for emergence and breeding. This cycle is repeated, and after 8-10 generations, a well-tamed and improved housefly can be obtained.

3. Issues that should be paid attention to in the batch production of feed fly maggots

The operation of mass production of feed fly maggots is exactly the same as the simple breeding method of fly maggots introduced above. The only difference is that the production specifications have been expanded. The following issues should be noted:

(1) Before the formal production starts, a small area test should be carried out. After the test, the relevant data of the design plan can be corrected before expanding the area for production.

(2) Carefully manage production, regulate temperature, humidity, light and heat according to seasonal changes, conduct inspections 4 to 6 times a day, and create the best ecological environment for maggots.

(3) Strengthen the planning and continuity of production, and do a good job in assembly line operation, so that one unit can be inoculated and one unit can be produced every day, and a batch of breeding flies can be updated.

(4) Carry out comprehensive management, support pig and chicken production and agricultural feed related industries, ensure sufficient manure for the production of fly maggots, pay attention to reducing production costs and improving the overall benefits of the farm.

(5) Continue to purify and rejuvenate fly breeding stock to increase the yield of maggots per unit area.

(6) Flies can spread various diseases. During the process of cultivating maggots, it is particularly important to prevent the sterile flies in the cages from flying out, and it is even more important to prevent flies outside from flying into the cages where breeding flies are raised.

4. Separation of maggots and feces and treatment of feces after maggot breeding

1. Maggot and feces separation method

After 4 to 5 days of cultivation, they will grow into maggots. Except for those kept as breeding flies, which should continue to pupate in the feces, the fresh maggots should be separated from the feces in time.

1. Light separation method: Since maggots have a strong tendency to avoid light, strong light can be used. When the maggots move downward from the surface, the remaining cultured feces on the surface can be peeled off layer by layer. Finally, a small amount of feces will remain mixed with a large number of fly maggots. You can shovel them into the water and stir them. The maggots will float on the water surface and can be scooped out with a gauze net.

2. Natural separation method: According to the habit of the third-instar larvae of fly maggots to find a dry and dark place to pupate, you can leave a 10 cm space around the surface of the culture medium and sprinkle dry rice husks on it to allow the third-instar larvae to automatically crawl into the husks. At this time, use a small brown bristle broom to collect fresh maggots to achieve the purpose of separation.

2. Treatment of manure after maggot breeding

There are often a small amount of maggots and pupae left in the separated manure. If not properly handled, it will cause environmental pollution. The treatment method is to pile and ferment. Choose a place with good drainage to dig a rectangular pit, pour the manure into the pit, spray disinfectant, cover with plastic film, ferment for half a month, and use it as fertilizer.

5. Feeding animals with fly maggots

1. Animal species that can be fed with fly maggots

Shrimp, crab, loach, rice field eel, eel, grouper, pond mullet, seven-star fish, giant salamander, tropical fish, turtle, tortoise, mountain turtle, leech, frog, toad, pheasant, bamboo chicken, black phoenix chicken, guinea fowl, wild duck, mandarin duck, sparrow (young bird), mink, pangolin, centipede, gecko.

(II) Feeding method of fly maggots as bait

1. Disinfect before feeding. Maggots are usually bred with more bacteria. It is best to wash them with clean water before feeding. If feeding valuable economic animals, rinse them with 0.1% potassium permanganate water for 3 minutes.

2. Pay attention to the age and feeding amount of the animals. Poultry such as ducklings can be fed after 10 days of age and chicks can be fed after 15 days of age. Mammals can be fed after weaning. Precious birds can be fed after they eat insects. Sparrows can be fed after they hatch. The feeding amount should be small at the beginning and gradually increased. It is best to feed until half full.

3. Except for animals such as geckos that prey at night, it is better to feed most animals during the day. Feeding in the evening should be completed before dark. This is to avoid thirst after eating fly maggots and not being able to find water to drink, causing the animals to become restless. Do not put the ducks into the water immediately after feeding. If they eat too much, you can feed them dry yeast at 0.1% to 0.2% of the feed.

4. Feeding methods for special aquatic animals: Feed about 5% of the animal's body weight. Live maggots should be placed on the feed platform in the water to prevent the maggots that cannot be eaten from dying and sinking to the bottom of the water to rot and pollute the water quality. Feed turtles and tortoises in dishes or bowls or scatter on plastic sheets laid on the waterside to facilitate cleaning and collection of residual bait.

References:

1. Breeding equipment:

1. Fly cage. The cage is 1.5m high (including 50cm for the cage foot), 60cm wide and 100cm long. The bottom of the cage can be made of plywood, and the four sides are nailed with 12-mesh lead sand windows. A 10×10cm hole is opened on one side of the rectangle, and a trouser leg is sewn on it as an inlet and outlet for changing materials.

2. Maggot breeding platform. Build a platform with a slope of 10 cm. Smooth the inside of the platform with cement. Mature maggots tend to crawl to the higher side.

3. Production process:

①Formula of manure:

Raw materials for maggot breeding: 80% fresh pig manure, 10% wheat bran, 10% peanut residue

(Note: Spray with EM 1:10 water every day to deodorize)

Egg collection material: 80% fresh pig manure 10% wheat bran

9.5% peanut hawthorn 0.5% ammonium bicarbonate

Fly breeding drink: 5% brown sugar 5% milk powder 5% fresh eggs

0.2% Vitamin C 0.2% Methionine 84.6% Water

② Fermentation of manure:

Use EM in a dilute fermentation ratio of 1:10. The humidity is between 70-80%. Mix and ferment for 1-2 days before use. It can eliminate toxic and harmful gases in the manure during the maggot breeding process.

③Put the egg-collecting material on the manure of the maggot breeding platform. Young maggots can be seen the next day. After 2 days, mature maggots can be seen crawling out of the manure pile and crawling to the slightly higher side of the platform. Take it out and rinse it with 1/5000 potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes before use.

④ Timing of feeding, collecting fly eggs and taking maggots

Feeding (fly breeding drink): at irregular intervals, feed after the flies have finished eating. Be careful not to feed too much each time to prevent the flies from dying.

Egg collection materials: put them into the cage in the morning and take them out and put them into the maggot breeding platform in the evening.

Taking maggots: depends on production and application.

According to this method, each cage can produce 20 kilograms of maggots per day. Each batch of manure raw materials can produce a batch of maggots, which are then used to breed earthworms. Within the suitable temperature range for maggot growth, high or low temperatures will affect the length of time for maggots to emerge. Therefore, the production plan should be adjusted at any time according to temperature changes to ensure a stable and balanced supply of fresh maggots.

2) Selection of maggot feed

1. Feed formula Feed is the material basis for raising maggots. Through the comparative breeding test of maggot feed, it is better to breed maggots with pure chicken manure and pig and chicken manure in a certain proportion, while cattle manure is worse for breeding maggots (Table 1)

Table 1 Comparison of maggot breeding feed formula experiments

Feeding name Combination project Pure pig manure Pure chicken manure Pure cow manure Pig and chicken manure 1:2 Pig and chicken manure 1:1 Pig and chicken manure 2:1 Pig and cow manure 1:1

Total feed (kg) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Egg collection date (month/day) 4/1 4/1 4/1 4/1 4/1 4/1 4/1

Hatching date (month/day) 4/2 4/2 4/2 4/2 4/2 4/2 4/2

Date of maggot formation (month/day) 4/6 4/6 4/6 4/6 4/6 4/6 4/6

Total number of adult maggots (month/day) 4695 4958 2865 4784 4245 4692 3962

Total weight of adult maggots (month/day) 109 138 41.7 123 111.4 127 74.3

Number of adult maggots per gram (month/day) 43 36 69 39 38 37 53

Note: The number of eggs collected is 5,000

According to the results in the table, a set of formulas are obtained for selection:

(1) Mix 1 part of pig manure and 1 part of chicken manure with water, and the water content should be about 80%.

(2) 1 part pig manure and 2 parts chicken manure, add water and mix, the water content is 80%

(3) Mix 2 parts of pig manure and 1 part of chicken manure with water to a water content of 80%.

2. Use pig manure as bait to reduce the cost of raising maggots. According to many materials, wheat bran is the main bait for producing fly maggots. In order to reduce the cost of raising fly maggots and improve economic benefits, we conducted an experiment of artificially raising fly maggots using pig manure instead of wheat bran as bait. After the experiment, it was found that 2 kg of wheat bran was needed to produce 500 grams of fresh maggots using wheat bran as bait, and the cost of 1 kg of fly maggots was 0.25 yuan (excluding equipment investment). Although the protein content of wheat bran after raising maggots did not decrease after testing, it was not effective for feeding livestock and poultry, which resulted in a large amount of wheat bran wasted, limiting its promotion and application. The method of raising fly maggots with pig manure as bait is the same as that of raising fly maggots with wheat bran, and the yield of fly maggots per square meter is basically the same. The various main nutrients contained in the fly maggots produced by the two baits are also basically the same through testing, and no abnormalities occurred during the breeding process. The cost of producing fly maggots with pig manure bait has been reduced from 0.5 yuan to 0.14 yuan per kilogram (pig manure is not priced, only the cost of artificial feeding and fly breeding, etc.) Practice has proved that using pig manure as feed to raise fly maggots has a wide source of feed, low production cost, and simple breeding methods. The manure residue after maggot breeding can also be used as fertilizer or biogas raw material, which not only makes full use of bioenergy, but also creates favorable conditions for vigorously promoting fly maggot production.

(II) Simple production technology of fly maggots

In rural areas, fly maggots are raised as bait for livestock and special animals. They can be easily produced by using local materials. Here are several commonly used simple production methods for fly maggots:

1. Plastic basin (bucket) breeding method; this method can be used for small-scale production. Each plastic basin produces about 1 to 1.5 kg of maggots. It can feed 50-75 pheasants. Put fresh animal viscera, dead rats, etc. in places with more flies, let the flies lay eggs on them, put them in the morning and collect them in the evening, and put the collected fly eggs in a large basin with a diameter of 6 cm (or a plastic bucket with a diameter of 30 cm). Sprinkle water into the large plastic basin to keep it moist, and cover it. After 2 to 3 days, the maggots will grow out. This method can be used to breed maggots in the wild without introducing species. When raising maggots, the amount of food is fed from small to large, that is, fresh chicken manure and pig manure are put into the basin at a ratio of 1:1. A plastic basin with a diameter of 60 cm is fed with 1 kg of feed per day (half the feed for barrel breeding), and then sprayed with 100 ml of 3% sugar water (or waste liquid or molasses from the sugar factory). After 4 to 5 days, maggots can grow and feed animals. Feeding method: Pour water into a basin, stir gently with a wooden stick, scoop out the fresh maggots floating on the water surface, wash and disinfect them before feeding them directly to animals. Pour the slag water into a biogas tank or manure pit for fermentation and sterilization. If used to feed turtles, eels, and fish, pour the slag into the pond together with the manure.

2. Outdoor ground level breeding method This method is suitable for large-scale breeding in farms

(1) Selection of breeding site. Choose a flat and compacted piece of land far away from residential buildings and close to livestock and poultry houses. It is best to be above the ground and free of water as the breeding surface. The area of ​​one breeding surface is about 4 square meters. The number of breeding surfaces should be determined according to the breeding scale.

(2) Making a support. Make a support with iron or wood that can cover the culture surface, 50 cm high. Cover the support with a layer of kraft paper on the top and both sides to block direct sunlight. Then surround the support with a layer of plastic cloth (the east and west sides can be opened) to make a cover to keep warm and moist. The support should be the same size as the culture surface and should be movable and can be moved at any time to facilitate feeding and maggot removal.

(3) Spread manure on the culture surface. Use fresh chicken and pig manure, mix well at a ratio of 1:1 and spread it. Mix it with water before spreading. The humidity should be such that manure does not flow out. Then spread the manure loosely and evenly on the culture surface. The thickness should be 5 to 10 cm. Spread it thinly when it is hot and thickly when it is cold. Finally, move the bracket to the culture surface to cover the manure layer, open the plastic sheets on the east and west sides, and put a few dead rats or 0.5 to 1 kg of animal carcasses, internal organs, fish intestines, etc. on the manure surface at the entrance to lure flies to come in and lay eggs.

(4) Within 24 hours after spreading the manure, spray water several times according to the humidity requirements to keep the surface of the manure layer moist to facilitate fly egg laying and hatching. If chicken manure is used, spray water; if pig manure is used alone, add 30,000ths of ammonia water or ammonium carbonate to the water to attract flies to lay eggs. After the flies lay eggs in the manure layer for a day and a night, put down the plastic sheets on the east and west sides of the bracket, press them tightly around, maintain the temperature inside the cover, and allow the fly eggs to hatch in the manure layer.

(5) Fly eggs can hatch into maggots after 8 to 12 hours at 25°C. After the maggots hatch, water should still be sprayed on the manure layer according to the evaporation of water, but water should not accumulate in the manure layer to prevent the maggots from suffocating. Use plastic sheets on the east and west sides of the opening and closing bracket to adjust the temperature inside the hood between 20 and 25°C. In the later stage of maggot growth, the humidity of the manure layer should be reduced, and it is better to have wet inside and dry outside.

(6) Maggots can be used after 6 to 9 days of hatching. In principle, large numbers of maggots should not be allowed to pupate. Since maggots are afraid of direct sunlight, the bracket can be removed when collecting maggots to allow sunlight to shine on the manure layer. The maggots will then drill to the bottom of the manure layer. Shovel away the manure on the surface, then separate the manure and maggots on the bottom layer and let the chickens in to eat. This is the simplest way to collect maggots. After the chickens have eaten the maggots, the manure is gathered into a pile, 50% of fresh manure is added and mixed evenly, then water is applied to spread it flat and the maggots are raised again. This method can be carried out at a temperature above 5°C. When the temperature is below 10°C, 20% horse manure is added to ferment and heat it up. If 500 grams of fly maggots are produced per square meter, and each chicken needs 20 grams per day, a cultivation area of ​​4 square meters can produce one cycle of maggots for 100 chickens for one day.

3. Soy milk and blood water single tank breeding method: This method is suitable for special breeding seedling markets in cities and towns or food processing factories that engage in breeding and produce a small amount of maggots.

First, place a large vat in a place where there are many flies, grind 500 grams of soybeans into soy milk and pour it into the vat, then add 10 kilograms of water and mix well, then pour in 2.5-3 kilograms of fresh pig blood or cow blood, and then add 5 kilograms of rice washing water and mix well, let the flies come to the vat to feed and lay eggs, and then catch the fly maggots to feed the animals. One feeding can be used continuously for 2-3 months. The requirements of this maggot breeding method are that 40-50 kilograms of soy milk and blood water should be kept in the vat, and attention should be paid to adding when the soy milk and blood water evaporates less; in addition, the vat must be placed in a place where there are many flies.

4. Multi-tank feces and urine circulation breeding method: This method is suitable for small feed farms, small fish ponds and seedling farms. ..

Take 12 clay jars that can hold 30 kg of water, place them in two rows in places where there are many flies, and number them 1 to 12 in order. On the first day, put 1 kg of fresh chicken manure, 1 kg of fresh pig manure, 500 grams of human urine, 2 dead rats (frogs) or 250 grams of animal carrion and internal organs in jar No. 1, and add urine water every day to keep it moist. On the second day, put jar No. 2 according to the method and quantity on the first day, put jar No. 3 on the third day, and so on. After putting 12 jars, on the thirteenth day, pour the adult maggots in jar No. 1 together with the feces into the pond to feed the fish. If feeding livestock, water can be poured into the jar to let the maggots float to the surface of the water, and then fished out for feeding. Then pour out the feces water, wash the jar, and re-feed according to the method on the first day. On the 14th day, take the second tank, and on the 15th day, take the third tank, and repeat this cycle over and over again to continuously obtain fresh fly maggots as livestock and poultry feed and live animal bait.

5. Platform introduction pond breeding method, this method is suitable for small-scale farms.

(1) Build several small square cement pools of 1 square meter in size and 5 centimeters in depth. Build a 200-centimeter feeding platform at the edge of the pool, level with the pool surface, and then fill the pool with water. The water level should be slightly lower than the feeding platform. Build a sunshade awning 1.5 to 2 meters high above the pool.

(2) Place 500 grams of discarded meat, skin, intestines or offal from the slaughterhouse on the feeding platform. You can also place 300 grams of dead rats, rabbits and other animal carcasses to attract flies to feed and lay eggs.

(3) Place the culture medium that has been placed on the platform for 2 to 3 days into the pool water and stir it a few times to shake off the maggots and fly eggs attached to it into the water. Then place the culture medium back on the platform to induce flies to lay eggs again.

(4) Add 2 kg of fresh pig and chicken manure, or 4 kg of human manure, to each pond. After 24 hours, add more manure after the maggots have decomposed the floating manure.

(5) After 4 to 8 days of feeding in the pond, if you see adult maggots crawling to the edge of the pond, catch them in time to prevent them from escaping. Use a colander or gauze to remove the adult maggots, wash them with clean water, and feed them fresh.

(6) Clean the pond. When the insoluble dirt layer on the bottom of the pond exceeds 15 cm and affects the capture of adult maggots, the dirt on the bottom of the pond can be removed after all the maggots are captured and new water can be added.

24 ponds were built, 2 ponds were fed every day, and a circulating feeding method was adopted. 6 kg of fresh maggots were produced every day, which could be used to feed 12 pigs or 300 chickens.

6. Pond side hanging basin breeding method: 1 meter away from the pond bank, set up rows of brackets, and hang a 40-meter diameter basin in a row on the surface of the breeding pond for special economic animals every 1 to 2 meters, and the basin is about 20 cm from the water surface. Fill the basin with equal amounts of pig and chicken manure, add water to wet it, sprinkle a few drops of ammonia, and then put a few dead fish or dead mice on the surface of the basin to lure flies to lay eggs. Houseflies or other wild flies will fly into the basin to feed and lay eggs. After a week, maggots will crawl out of the basin and fall into the water, which will be directly eaten by animals in the pond. This method has simple equipment and easy operation. 2 kg of manure can produce 500 grams of fresh maggots. There are several points to note during the specific operation: First, the pot should not be too deep, 10 to 15 cm is appropriate; second, it is best to use a plastic pot with 2 to 3 drainage holes at the bottom to prevent water accumulation in the pot during heavy rain; third, after the pot is filled with manure, it is best to cover 3/4 of the pot surface with lotus leaves or kraft paper, leaving 1/4 of the pot surface for dead animals to attract flies, so as to block the sunlight and help the growth and development of maggots; fourth, the high temperature in summer evaporates quickly, so check and water frequently to keep the culture medium moist.

7. Outdoor earth pond breeding method: This method is suitable for farming areas near forest areas and reservoirs, and can be combined with breeding in fertilizer piles and manure pits at the edge of the field.

Choose a place that is sheltered from the wind, facing the sun, with a high terrain, dry and warm. Dig a soil pond with a size of 2 meters long, 1 meter wide and 0.6 meters deep. Put in livestock and poultry manure, straw, sugarcane bagasse, water and mix them for fermentation, and then put in dead fish, dead animal viscera and other smelly things. Cover it with wooden boards, and set a 0.3-meter square movable glass window on the wooden boards to let adult flies fly in to feed and lay eggs. Pay attention to digging drainage ditches around the outside of the pond, and no water can accumulate in the pond. After putting in the materials, lift the wooden board cover every 7 to 10 days, dig up the surface manure layer, drive chickens and ducks to the pit to feed, or shovel the manure and maggots into a bucket, and pour it into the pond reservoir to feed the fish.

8. Outdoor plastic shed maggot breeding method: Dig a shallow pit of 5 meters long, 0.8 meters wide and 0.25 meters deep between the rows of fruit trees or under the shade of trees, lay a thick film in the pit, inject 15 cm deep manure water, put 2 dan of chicken manure, 2 dan of pig manure, 1 dan of cow manure, and 1500 grams of dead rats or animal carrion and viscera in each pit. Sprinkle some quicklime and plant ash along the edge of the pit to prevent adult maggots from escaping. Then use bamboo strips to make a 1-meter-high semicircular bracket on the pit, cover it with plastic film, and compact the surrounding plastic film with soil. Open a 20 cm x 30 cm hole in the middle and both ends to let flies fly in to feed and lay eggs. After 5 to 7 days, you can lift the plastic film to catch the maggots and wash them as bait.

9. Fertilizing fruit trees and raising maggots This method combines raising maggots with fertilizing fruit trees, and is suitable for raising poultry in fruit orchards. The specific operation is: in young orchards, dig a ring ditch 40 to 50 cm away from the tree, with a width of 20 to 30 cm and a depth of 30 cm. Put a load of fresh pig and chicken manure in each ditch, and then put some dead rats, animal viscera or pig hair and blood to attract flies to lay eggs. Pay attention to watering every day to keep it moist. Cover the manure with turf after 3 days, and lift the turf after a week, let the chickens into the garden to dig up the manure and eat maggots. Then cover it again, and dig it up again after a week to feed the chickens. After repeating this 4 to 5 times, there will be fewer maggots temporarily, and the maggot breeding ditch can be covered with soil to complete the fruit tree fertilization. In mature orchards, dig 3 to 4 symmetrical point-shaped maggot breeding pits along the crown of the tree, with specifications of 0.8 meters long, 0.4 meters wide, and 35 cm deep.

Indoor sports law

(1) Prepare 12 large plastic basins with a diameter of 60 cm and 8 small plastic bowls for each production team. Set up a wooden or iron frame with a length of 1.3 m, a width of 0.6 m, and a height of 1.5 m in the room. The frame is divided into 5 layers, each layer is 26 cm high, and two plastic basins are placed on each layer, for a total of 12 large plastic basins, including the top layer.

(2) Place 5 kg of fresh pig and chicken manure, 1 kg of human urine (or 5% carbon ammonia water), and 500 g of 3% sugar water (or waste liquid from a sugar factory) in each basin.

(3) Place 8 plastic egg-collecting bowls containing 250 grams of dead rats, carrion and animal viscera in the pig farm or in places with many flies to attract flies to feed and lay eggs. After 2 to 3 days, rinse the fly eggs and larvae with clean water and place them in two plastic basins. Inoculate two basins every day. After 5 to 6 days of cultivation in the plastic basin, you can separate fresh maggots for bait.

Section 4 Design of a small fly farm

With the improvement of rural science and technology and production conditions, the current shortcomings of fly maggot production will be overcome. Farmers will start with breeding flies and gradually adopt the high-efficiency breeding model of small fly farms. Referring to advanced experience at home and abroad, a high-tech solution for a small family fly farm with a daily output of 100 kg of fly maggots is specially designed here for reference by professional breeders.

1. Basic conditions for holding the event

1. Calculation of the number of breeding flies

According to measurements, every 10,000 flies at the peak of egg-laying can produce 4 kg of fresh maggots after 5-6 days of feeding. To produce 100 kg of fresh maggots per day, 250,000 adult flies that are normally at the peak of egg-laying are needed. To be on the safe side, the number of breeding flies raised in one production unit should be set at 300,000. Considering that the breeding flies need to be eliminated and updated after laying eggs, a renewal cycle takes at least 4 days. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare the production scale of two units of breeding flies to ensure a continuous supply of egg masses required to produce 100 kg of maggots per day.

2. Area of ​​breeding fly house and number of cages

At present, there are three ways to raise breeding flies: room breeding, cage breeding and net cage breeding, among which net cage breeding is better. Assuming that each net cage is 1 meter long, 1 meter wide and 0.8 meters high to raise 12,000 breeding flies, one unit needs 25 net cages. The net cages are hung and fixed in two layers indoors, and 26 net cages are placed in a 30-square-meter room. Two production units require a total of 60 square meters of breeding fly rooms and 50 net cages.

(III) Calculation of maggot culture area

Calculate the 1 square meter of fresh maggots that can produce 500 grams of fresh maggots, and a daily yield of 100 kilograms of fresh maggots requires 200 square meters of breeding. If planar breeding is used, a unit needs to build a plastic shed with a total area of ​​250 square meters. If three-dimensional aquaculture is used, a 70 square meters plastic greenhouse needs to be built according to the 4-story calculation. Compared with the expansion of the shed, the investment is basically the same. If land conditions allow, planar breeding is currently suitable for promoting planar breeding in rural areas. Calculate based on the 5-day calculation from hatching to maturity, to ensure continuous maggots and the flow operation method is used, 5 production units need to be built. That is, planar breeding is 1,250 square meters and three-dimensional breeding is 350 square meters.

(IV) Preparation of manure (culture medium)

A daily yield of 100 kilograms of fresh maggots requires 400 kilograms of manure. According to the formula of 2 parts of pig manure and 1 part of chicken manure, 266.8 kilograms of pig manure and 123.4 kilograms of chicken manure are required. Calculated based on 4 kilograms of manure per day and 68.5 kilograms of manure per day, 70 pigs and 1,725 ​​chickens need to provide fresh manure. If you cannot cooperate with the farm, the fly farm must raise about 80 pigs and 2,000 cages to raise chickens. Only in order to ensure that 100 kilograms of fly maggots are sufficient for manure per day.

2. Production technology operation

(I) Construction of a fly room

Choose a place far away from residential areas and in areas with good lighting and ventilation. It is required that 1/2 of the skylights be used to use transparent materials, and gauze or iron mesh must be installed in the doors and windows for places where flies can escape. A ventilation fan is installed on the wall every 20 square meters, and a flowing air fan is equipped in the room. If possible, it is best to install a temperature controller. When the temperature in the room exceeds 33℃, the ventilation fan and the flowing air fan will work automatically. Two flies are built in total, each with an area of ​​30 square meters, totaling 60 square meters. Three-dimensional farming is built in indoor mounts, with a height of 2 meters and a width of 1 meter, and the upper and lower floors are divided into two floors. The frame is divided into 13 grids, each grid is 1 meter, and the upper and lower floors are equipped with a total of 26 cage boxes, covering the entire room. Use nylon yarn mesh to sew into sealed cages according to the specifications of 1 meter long, 1 meter wide and 0.8 meters high. Open a small mouth of 25 cm wide and about 10 cm high below one side of the cage, and sew a sleeve of corresponding size, 15-20 cm long outside the mouth to facilitate reaching in to feed, egg retrieval, etc. Usually, the sleeves are clamped with clips to prevent adults from flying out of the cage. In addition, several pieces of nylon mesh can be hung in the middle and upper middle of the cage to increase the living area of ​​adults. When using it, set the cage on the rack layer, just like hanging mosquito nets, and the bottom of the cage is supported on a small flat plate. In order to make it easy to hang and remove the cage and easily disinfect and clean, the four corners of the cage can be fixed on the rack layer by clamping or hooking. Each cage has 4 plastic discs, 2 plates of feed and drinking water, and 2 egg-collecting trays.

(II) Construction of maggot-raising plastic greenhouse

The basic structure is the same as the off-season vegetable greenhouses currently promoted. If a flat breeding infrastructure is used, there are 10 plastic greenhouses with a length of 16 meters, 8 meters wide and 2 meters high (with an effective area of ​​100 square meters). There are 10 plastic greenhouses in the east, south and north of the greenhouses for ventilation and inlet and discharge. Two exhaust fans are installed above the greenhouse. If it is a three-dimensional breeding, only five greenhouses need to be built, each 14 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters high. The single area is 84 square meters (actual feeding area 70 square meters) and a total area of ​​420 square meters. There is a 1-meter-wide walkway in the middle and front and back of the shed. There are three upper, middle and lower layers and 30 cm high on both sides. There are four-layer three-dimensional breeding racks from top to bottom, and 200 breeding baskets woven by rectangular bamboo strips are placed inside. The door opening and installation of exhaust equipment in the shed are the same as flat-raising plastic sheds.

(III) Collection and domestication of species flies

Houseflies are the intermediate hosts of many bacteria. After the density of artificial breeding and feeding is increased, the introduction must be disinfected and sterile before it can be used as a planting fly. Specific method: Mix 50% pig manure, 30% chicken manure, 20% chopped animal internal organs, add water to make it a 60%-70% water content, lay a 2 square meter and 7 cm thick breeding plane outdoors, add a few drops of ammonia, and put a plastic cover on it to hide from the rain, and open the surroundings to lure houseflies to forage and lay eggs. The eggs hatch into larvae for 8 to 12 hours, and the larvae grow into pupae for 5 to 6 days. Use tweezers to pick out the pupae and soak it in 1% potassium permanganate solution or 3% bleach solution for about 3 minutes, kill the bacteria on the surface of the pupae, and then put it in the seed fly cage for feeding.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : In an appropriate environment with a temperature of 17-33℃ and a relative humidity of 50%-75%, the seed flies mature and mating and laying eggs 3 days after eterning (more than 5 days in the temperature and humidity environment outside the above range). When the seed flies are about to lay eggs, wheat bran with a water content of 60-70% will be taken 1-2 times a day. Pour the eggs and wheat bran into the larvae feeding pot or feeding pond. The larvae culture material uses dried and disinfected pig and chicken manure, and the disinfection method is generally fermented and fermented and exposed to the sun. The method of raising maggots is as described above. After the larvae (maggots) pupate, it is moved into the seed flies cage for eternity. This cycle repeats itself, and after 8-10 generations, a domesticated houseflies can be obtained.

3. Issues that should be paid attention to in mass production of feed maggots

The mass production technology of feed maggots is exactly the same as the simple breeding method of maggots introduced earlier. However, the production specifications have been expanded, so pay attention to the following issues:

(1) Before officially put into production, community tests must be conducted, and the relevant data of the design plan must be corrected before the area is put into production.

(2) Carefully carry out production management, and do a good job in temperature, humidity, light and heat regulation according to seasonal changes. Check 4 to 6 times a day to create the best ecological environment for magnies.

(3) Strengthen the planning and continuity of production, do a good job in running water, and achieve inoculation of 1 unit every day, produce one unit, and update a batch of species of flies.

(4) Do a good job in comprehensive operations, and provide pig, chicken production and agricultural feed related industries to ensure that there is enough manure for the production of magnies. Pay attention to reducing production costs and improving the overall efficiency of the site.

(5) Continue to do a good job in purifying and revitalizing flies and increase the yield of maggots per unit area.

(6) Flies can spread various diseases. In the process of raising magnies, it is especially necessary to prevent sterile flies from flying out of the cage, and to strictly prevent flies outside from flying into the cage where the breeding flies are raised.

4. Separation of maggots and feces and treatment of maggots after raising maggots

(I) Method for separating maggot dung

After 4 to 5 days of cultivation, it will grow into maggots. In addition to those who are kept as seeds, the fresh maggots should be separated from the feces in time.

1. Light separation method: Because maggots have strong light resistance, they can be irradiated with strong light. When the maggots move downward from the surface, they can peel off the remaining culture manure on the surface layer by layer. Finally, a small amount of manure is mixed with a large number of maggots. They can be shoveled into the water. After stirring, the maggots float on the water surface and take it out with a gauze net.

2. Natural separation method According to the habit of finding the dry and dark places to pupate, 10 cm can be empty around the surface of the culture material, and dried husks can be sprinkled with dried husks, so that the 3-instar larvae can automatically climb into the husks. At this time, use small brown hair to collect fresh maggots to achieve the purpose of separation.

(II) Manure treatment after maggot breeding

There are often a small amount of maggots and pupaes left in the separated manure. If not properly treated, it will cause environmental pollution. The treatment method is to pile up and ferment. Choose a place with good drainage to dig a rectangular pit, pour the manure into the pit, spray disinfectant, cover it with plastic film, and ferment for half a month. It can be used as fertilizer.

5. Feed animals with maggots

(I) Breeds that can be fed to animals with maggots

Shrimp, crab, loach, eel, eel, spotted fish, pond-horned fish, seven-star fish, giant salamander, tropical fish, turtle, turtle, mountain auspicious turtle, leeches, frogs, toads, pheasants, bamboo silk chicken, black phoenix chicken, guinea fowl, wild duck, mandarin duck, sparrow (young bird), mink, pangolin, centipede, gecko.

(II) Feeding method of maggots as bait

1. Before feeding, we must disinfect and use feces to raise maggots. Maggots generally carry more bacteria. It is best to wash them with clean water before feeding. If you feed them with precious economic animals, you must rinse them with 0.1% potassium permanganate water for 3 minutes.

2. Pay attention to the age and amount of feeding animals. For example, ducklings can only be fed 10 days old, chicks can only be fed 15 days old, mammals can only be fed after weaning, precious birds will only feed after eating insects, sparrow birds can hatch and shells to feed. The feeding amount should start with less, gradually increase, and at most it should be fed half full.

3. Feeding time Except for geckos and other animals that prey at night, most animals are better fed during the day. Feeding in the evening should be fed before dark. To avoid thirsty and unable to find water after eating maggots, causing uneasiness to the animals. Do not put into the water immediately when feeding ducks. If you eat too much, you can feed dry yeast at 0.1% to 0.2% of the feed.

4. Special aquatic animals feed baits at about 5% of the animal's weight. Live maggots should be placed on the water feed platform to prevent endless maggots from dying and sinking into the bottom of the water and rotting, contaminating the water quality. Feed turtles and turtles to put them in plates and bowls or sprinkle them on plastic cloth laid flat by the water to facilitate cleaning and collecting residual bait.

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