CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to breed fly maggots? Can you give me extra points?

Feed equipment and management of fly species

. Fly house design. Breeding flies should be raised indoors, and a new fly house is best built in a semi-basement. The breeding room of the fly house does not open directly to the outside. There is a closed corridor inside the house, which leads to the corridor from the back door of the studio. Black curtains should be hung on the door to prevent flies from escaping. Screens and heating equipment should be installed on the windows. The room temperature should be kept at 20-30℃, with a minimum of no less than 15℃ and a maximum of no more than 35℃.

.Main equipment. There are fly cages, food trays, egg-laying trays, and eclosion trays. The fly cage can be made into a 60-80 cm cube with thick iron wire, covered with white gauze, with an operation opening on one side. The size of the opening is suitable for placing food trays and egg trays. A sleeve is made of black cloth at the opening to prevent flies from escaping. Each food tray is equipped with 3-4 medium trays for flies to lick the feed. A small water cup is placed in each cage, and a sponge pad is placed in the cup. An egg-laying primer is placed in the egg-laying tray to induce female flies to lay eggs. The eclosion tray is used to hold the quickly eclosing fly pupae during the generation change.

3. Feeding and management. ① Breeding fly feed: grind the 4-day-old maggots cultured aseptically, add 60% brown sugar, 2% yeast powder and appropriate amount of water to make a paste, and add 0.1% sodium benzoate. ② Egg-laying primer: Take bran and add 0.03% ammonium bicarbonate and mix well, or use chicken feces is better. ③ Feeding density: 50,000 to 80,000 flies can be raised per cubic meter of fly cage, usually 10,000 to 20,000. ④ Management method: When the breeding flies are found to be mating, they are placed in the egg-laying tray 2 days later. The egg-laying primer should be loose and evenly spread, with a thickness of 1 to 2 cm. The breeding flies lay the most eggs between 8 and 15 o'clock every day, and the egg-laying tray should be replaced in time. ⑤ Winter seed preservation: The fly pupae that have been selected can be stored in a container with appropriate temperature, humidity and loose feces, and placed indoors and covered with straw to keep warm and moist.

Main facilities and management of maggot breeding

1. Facilities for raising maggots. At present, there are three forms of maggot raising, namely, maggot raising room, vertical maggot raising rack and maggot raising basin. Maggot raising room can be raised in semi-underground form indoors. The bottom and wall of the pool should be plastered with cement to prevent seepage and prevent maggots from climbing up. It is best to paste a layer of 3 cm thick glass on the four walls. Small ditches 5 to 8 cm wide should also be set around the pool to prevent ants and adjust humidity. The room temperature should not exceed 35℃. The vertical maggot raising rack can be welded with steel bars or made of cement into a three-dimensional or stepped type. The height of the maggot raising basin should be 10 to 20 cm (the surface of the basin should be smooth) and the internal filling material should be 5 to 8 cm.

2. Preparation of raising feed: 50%-60% fresh chicken manure or pig manure, 35%-45% bran, 5% coarse bran, mix the three materials evenly, and prepare a raising feed with a water content of about 65%, and adjust the pH value to 6.5-7.

Inoculate and hatch. Inoculate 1 gram of fly eggs per kilogram of culture medium, and evenly spread them on the surface of the culture medium in the maggot breeding basin. After 8 to 12 hours, they will hatch into maggots. Keep the temperature of the culture medium stable and no water should be accumulated.

4. Separate and collect. Collect the maggots when they turn yellow after 5 days. Take advantage of the maggots' fear of light, place the maggot breeding basin under strong light, use a dung shovel to move the maggots from the bottom, and finally remove the nutrients on the upper layer and sieve them out with a 10-16 mesh sieve. Wash the maggots and use them fresh or process them for later use.

. Usage of fly maggots. In addition to feeding livestock and poultry directly, the remaining fresh maggots produced daily can be dried in an oven at 200-250℃ for 15-20 minutes, and then ground into maggot powder for winter ingredients. The general addition amount is about 5%.

Key points for daily feeding and management of caged flies

1. Understand the morphological characteristics and living habits of houseflies

(1) Morphological characteristics: Housefly is a holometabolous insect, going through four stages in its life: egg, larva, pupa and adult.

(2) Living habits:

① Lifestyle: Under natural conditions, the number of generations of houseflies varies from place to place. Under artificial temperature control, houseflies can reproduce all year round as long as the temperature is suitable.

② Insect stage duration: The generation period of houseflies is shorter than that of other insects, and the development speed is extremely fast. The development period of each insect stage is closely related to temperature. Within the suitable temperature range, as the temperature rises, the development period shortens. Under the condition of 25~35℃, the generation period is only 10~15 days, of which the egg period is less than 1 day, the larvae period is 4~6 days, the pupal period is 5~7 days, and the adult life span is 1~2 months.

③Activity habits: Adult insects like to be outdoors during the day and roost on trees or indoor ceilings at night. When the temperature is low, they like to gather in warm places.

④ Reproduction habits: Adult flies become sexually mature 2 to 5 days after emergence and begin to mate and lay eggs. In actual production, each batch of breeding flies should be eliminated in time after 20 to 25 days of breeding.

⑤ Feeding habits: Housefly adults like to eat liquid food with high protein content, and water is a necessary condition for adult survival. Brown sugar and milk powder are the best food for adults. The life span of adults fed with milk powder, milk powder + white sugar/brown sugar can reach more than 50 days. Adding vegetables, fruits and other substances to the feed to supplement vitamins and trace elements can help increase egg production. The egg production of adults fed with fresh maggot pulp is 10%~20% higher than that of adults fed with milk powder. Larvae like to feed on corrupt organic matter, and various degrees of corrupt organic matter can become their nutrient source. It is more suitable to feed the larvae with the prepared artificial feed after fermentation for about 6 hours.

\⑥Relationship with temperature and humidity: Temperature directly affects the survival, growth and development, and life activities of houseflies. In actual production, it is more appropriate to control the larval rearing temperature at 25~35℃. If it is lower than 22℃, the growth cycle will be prolonged. If it is higher than 40℃, the larvae will crawl out of the culture medium and look for a cool and suitable temperature. Adults stop developing below 12℃, do not mate and lay eggs; they cannot lay eggs below 15℃. The life span is the longest at a suitable temperature of 20~30℃, which can reach 50~60 days. Adults are most active at 30℃, and rest in a cool place above 30℃; if the temperature exceeds 35℃, the breeding flies will be restless, cannot lay eggs at 39℃, and gradually die at 40℃, and above 45℃ is the lethal temperature. The growth and development of housefly eggs, larvae and pupae requires the culture medium to be moist but not flooded, and a water content of 50%~60% is most suitable. Studies have shown that the moisture content of the substrate has a great impact on the development of housefly eggs. When the moisture content is 60%, the egg stage is the shortest at 18 hours and the hatching rate is the highest; the optimal substrate moisture content for larval survival is 60%~70%; the development of the pupal stage has a lower humidity requirement, and a humidity of 40%~50% is more suitable. It is difficult for adults to survive without water. The relative humidity of the air during the adult stage is preferably 50%~80%. Adults begin to drink water and eat 1 hour after emergence. Generally, they will all die after 2~3 days of no food and water. This is often used in production to eliminate adults after laying eggs.

2. Key points of caged fly breeding technology

1. Determination of breeding scale: The size of the breeding scale is determined according to the expected daily output. Taking a breeding farm with a daily output of 100 kg of fresh fly maggots as an example, the following aspects should be considered when designing the breeding farm:

① Adult rearing scale: 10,000 housefly adults produce 4 kg of fresh maggots after 5-6 days of rearing at the peak egg-laying period. If 100 kg of fresh maggots are produced per day, 250,000 adults at the peak egg-laying period need to be reared. Considering other factors, the breeding scale of one production unit should be at least 300,000. If the elimination and renewal of breeding flies are also considered, one renewal cycle takes 4 days. Therefore, two units of breeding fly production scale should be prepared to ensure a continuous supply of egg masses required for the daily production of 100 kg of fly maggots.

② Area required for raising adult maggots At present, there are two methods for raising adult maggots: cage raising and room raising. A 15-20 cubic meter room can hold 20-25 0.5 cubic meter fly cages in three dimensions, and the raised adult maggots can meet the egg mass required for producing 100 kg of maggots per day.

③ The area required for raising fly maggots: 500 grams of fresh maggots can be produced per square meter of breeding area. If 100 kilograms of fresh maggots are produced per day, 200 square meters of breeding area is required. Outdoor breeding mostly adopts flat breeding, which requires an area of ​​250 square meters including walkways. Continuous production according to 5 production units requires an area of ​​1,250 square meters. Indoor production mostly adopts three-dimensional breeding. According to 4 floors, a 70-square-meter room constitutes a production unit. 5 production units require a production plant of 350 square meters.

Construction of breeding facilities

① Breeding fly room: Specially used for raising adult flies, it requires fresh air indoors, a temperature of 24-30℃, a relative humidity of 50%-70%, and more than 10 hours of sunlight per day. Large glass windows should be left on the south side for lighting. The area of ​​each room is determined according to the scale of breeding, generally 20-40 square meters, equipped with screen doors, screen windows, exhaust fans and heating pipes, etc.

② Making fly cages: This is a necessary facility for caged houseflies. Common fly cages are square fly cages with a length, width and height of 50 cm each. When making them, first use thick iron wire, steel bars or bamboo strips to make a frame, then cover the surroundings with plastic screens or iron screens, and leave a 20 cm diameter operating circular hole at the lower corner of one side of the fly cage. The hole is sewn with a 30 cm long cloth tube for feeding, watering and taking and placing the egg-laying pad. When not in use, tie it tightly to prevent the adult flies from escaping. Each fly cage should also be equipped with a feed tray, a water tray and a small porcelain tray for laying eggs. In addition, several pieces of nylon gauze can be hung in the middle of the cage to increase the habitat area for adult flies. When in use, fix the fly cage on the rack like a mosquito net, and support the bottom of the cage on a small flat plate. In order to facilitate hanging and disassembly and easy disinfection and cleaning, the four corners of the fly cage can be fixed to the three-dimensional breeding rack with clips or hooks.

③ Maggot breeding room: used for indoor breeding. The room temperature is required to be maintained at 26~35℃ and the humidity is 65%~70%. However, the larvae are afraid of light and do not need light, so it is necessary to install blackout curtains. Other indoor breeding facilities are determined according to the breeding method adopted, such as multi-layer breeding racks, maggot breeding basins, maggot breeding boxes, maggot breeding pools, maggot breeding platforms, automated production equipment, heating and control equipment, etc. These facilities are generally placed on both sides, leaving a walking path in the middle, which can fully utilize the space and facilitate operation and management.

④ Maggot breeding plastic shed: used for outdoor heated breeding. The basic structure is similar to the currently promoted off-season vegetable shed. The area and quantity are determined according to the breeding scale. Generally, a small shed of 80 to 130 square meters is used as a production unit. There are two common types of breeding: flat and three-dimensional. There is a door in the east, west, south and north of the shed for ventilation and feeding and unloading. Two exhaust fans are installed above the shed, and a 1-meter-wide walkway is left in the middle and front and back of the shed.

⑤ Fly maggot separation box: used to separate fly maggots during solid feed breeding. The separation box is designed based on the negative phototropism of larvae. The length, width and height are 50, 30 and 15 cm respectively. It consists of a screen, a dark room and a lighting part. A strong light is installed on the screen. When separating, place the culture medium mixed with a large number of larvae on the screen, turn on the light source, and manually scrape off the culture medium on top. The larvae will drill down when they see the light. Repeat this process until they are separated.

3. Preparation of breeding feed: Feed is the material basis for breeding maggots. The feed required for breeding maggots includes three types: egg-laying feed, adult feed and maggot feed. According to the physical shape of the feed, it can be divided into two types: solid feed and liquid feed.

① Egg-laying feed is a solid feed used to lure adult insects to lay eggs, also known as egg-laying material (information material). This type of feed is nutritionally comprehensive and can meet the nutritional needs of both adult insects and maggots. It also has a special fishy smell and has a strong attraction to adult insects. When using livestock and poultry manure or artificially prepared maggot feed as egg-laying material, spraying 0.03% ammonia water or ammonium bicarbonate aqueous solution, human urine, rotten leeks, etc. can significantly increase the attraction to adult insects. (Appendix: The formula of "ovulation-stimulating hormone": Take the daily dosage for a breeding area of ​​150 square meters as an example: 5 grams of Epimedium, 5 grams of Actinolite, 2 grams of Angelica, 2 grams of Cyperus, 3 grams of Leonurus, 3 grams of Cuscuta. Mix all the above Chinese herbal medicines, chop or grind into powder, wrap them with gauze when using, boil the medicine and use it. Add the medicine directly to the sugar water, feed for three days in a row, stop for 3 days, feed for three days in a row, stop for 3 days... The main ingredient and function of ovulation-stimulating hormone is to arouse the flies, causing them to mate more, so as to achieve the purpose of making them lay more eggs).

② Adult feed: Like other animals, adult insects also need enough egg whites, sugar and water to maintain life and reproduction. Under artificial breeding conditions, artificial feed that can meet these needs must be prepared. We recommend using 50% milk powder + 50% brown sugar.

Maggots come from flies, and maggots must be raised before flies. Flies have a strong reproductive capacity, with a female fly laying 100 to 200 eggs each time, and a pair of flies can reproduce 10 to 20 generations a year, producing 266 billion flies in 4 months, with a cumulative pure protein of more than 600 tons, which is unmatched by other methods of producing animal protein.

Go to Xinhua Bookstore and buy a book. It specializes in selling books on raising fly maggots. It is professional and comprehensive. I wish you success!